apush Flashcards
Manifest Destiny
the idea that white Americans were divinely ordained to settle the entire continent of North America.
Mexican-American War
war about gaining texas are from mexico
Treaty of Guadalupe (1848)
officially ended mexican America war & gave Texas, California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, most of Arizona and Colorado, and parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming
Homestead Act
gave land for person doing xyz
Free-soilers
Political party wanted no slavery in the West bc these farmers didn’t want to complete w/ plantation
Popular sovereignty
Let the people vote for they want to be a slave/not slave state
Compromise of 1850
cali & dc. is a free state, but harsher fugitive slave law passed
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
The story of Uncle Tom, an enslaved person, depicted as saintly and dignified, noble and steadfast in his beliefs, fantasy
Fugitive Slave Act 1850
required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state.
Bleeding Kansas
bloodshed by pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups, lasting until the violence died down in roughly 1859
Dred Scott case (1857)
slaves couldn’t sue their owner bc they were property –> no such thing as a free state
Election of 1860
Abe won
Emancipation Proclamation
declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free.”
13th Amendment
abolished slavery in the United States.
14th Amendment
granted citizenship to all persons “born or naturalized in the United States,” including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,”
15th Amendment
guaranteed that the right to vote could not be denied based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Freedmen’s Bureau
assist former slaves in getting employment, education, food, and clothing.
Sharecropping
a system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop.
Black codes
restricted black people’s right to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces.
Compromise of 1877
removal of federal troops in the South in exchange for Rep. President Hayes
Iroquois Confederacy
alliance btw colonizers and native Americans in New England
Columbian Exchange
new world and old world exchange their goods
Treaty of Tordesillas
an agreement between the Kingdoms of Spain and Portugal that defined where each could explore and claim lands.
Ecomienda
Native slavery
Castas system
race-based social class/systems btw natives and spanish
Pope’s Rebellion
natives killed over 400 Spaniards and drove the remaining 2,000 Spanish settlers south toward Mexico
Bartolome de Las Casas
spanish guy that hated native slavery
Gines de Supulveda
spanish guy that loved native slavery
strict interpretationist
strictally follow the constitution
loose interpretationist
breifly follows the constitution
Louisiana Purchase Controversy
didn’t follow the constitution
McCulloch v. Maryland
Bank is constitutional
Marbury v. Madison
Judicial review
Gibbons v. Ogden
Congress regulates interstate commerce….not the states
Worcester v. Georgia
Cherokee have a right to native lands
Era of good feelings
a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812.
the American Systems
the policy of promoting industry in the U.S. by adoption of a high protective tariff and of developing internal improvements by the federal government
Missouri’s Statehood Controversy
Missouri’s statehood would disrupt the slave-not slave balance (11-11)
Compromise of 1820
36-30 Pararell
2 states must be added to remain the state balance
Monroe Doctrine
warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.
Market Reveloution
a period in the 1820s-1830s in which the economy and society shifted from moral economies to a capitalist system.
Industrial BOOM
Whigs
Anti-Jackson
Dem.-Republicians
Pro Jackson
Jackson’s “Extension” of Federal Power (he vetoed/say no to all of these)
- S. Carolina’s View of the Tariff (1828)
- The Bank War
- “Indian Removal”
Abolition
No slavery
2nd Great Awakening
Religions would revive during 1790-1840
Utopian
religious and reform minded groups influend by European smarty pants
Transcendentalism
a 19th-century American philosophical and theological movement that emphasizes self-reliance and respect for nature.
Women’s suffrage
guaranteeing women the right to vote
Panic of 1873
a financial crisis that lasted from 1873 to 1877 or 1879 that caused an economic depression in the United States and Europe
Vertical Monopolization
Control all phases of production to cut out the middle man (Cargenie)
Horizontal Monopolization
Cut out competition
Capt. of Industry
responsible for propelling U.S.’s economy seen as philanthropists(someone who donates their time, money, skills, or talent to improve the world)
Robber Barons
took advantage of workers & was like Rockerfeller
Laissez-faire
Government hands off approach
Social Darwinism
some ppl were “born to be poor” and others are “born to be rich”
Carnegie’s “Gospel of Wealth”
Rich ppl should support the poor
Yellow Dog Contract
Employees couldn’t join unions bc of this contract
Knights of Labor
a union that accepted ALL workers, no success
American Federation of Labor
a union that mostly accepted males, some success
Chinese Exclusion Act
the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States for Chinese ppl
Dawes Act
the law authorized the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals.
Nativism
Americans»_space;»> American immigrants
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
legally established “separate but equal”
Pendleton Civil Service Act
gov. jobs are given by hard work rather than spoils system
Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
gov. overseas businesses
Sherman Anti Trust Act
forbid any trust that restricted trade/Commerce across state lines
American Imperialism
the expansion of the United States’ political, economic, cultural, media, and military influence beyond the country’s borders.
Spanish American War (1898)
conflict between the United States and Spain that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U.S. acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin America
Big sister policy
it was right for u.s. to be a big sister to latin countries
Treaty of Paris (1898)
treaty concluding the Spanish-American War
Yellow Journalism
Propaganda to Spain during the Spanish American War
Who are the 3 Progressive Presidents?
T. Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson
Open Door Policy
supported China and share Chinese access
Clayton Anti Trust Act
responsible for making sure that companies behave themselves
C.C.C.
Civilian Conservation Corps = recruit unemployed young men from urban areas to perform conservation work throughout the nation’s forests, parks, and fields.
18th Amendment
Temperance
19th Amendment
Women’s right to vote
Red summer
racial riots in 1919
C.P.I
brainwashing Americans during the war
Red scare
A period in the United States history when everyone was so caught up in containment of communism
Great migration
a mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North, Midwest, and West between 1910 and 1970
Dust Bowl
1935 of a horrific dust storm
F.D.I
Guarantee ppl money if banks go down (recovery)
S.C.E
Regulate stock market (Reform)
Neutrality Act 1939
to prevent the country from becoming involved in foreign wars
British Policies on the Colonies
Taxes
Navigation Acts
Stamp Act
Sugar Act
Pontiac’s Rebellion
English won land France, they expanded to Native lands which caused tensions –> war
Boston Massacre
seven British soldiers fired into a crowd of volatile Bostonians, killing five, wounding another six, and angering an entire colony
Sons/Daughter of Liberity
American colonists who supported the patriot cause violentlly
Republican womanhood
patriots’ daughters should be raised to uphold the ideals of republicanism, in order to pass on republican values to the next generation
NorthWest Ordiance 1787
Set rules for statehood
Constitution’s Compromises
Electoral College
2 houses
3/5 Compromise
Federalist
Strong central gov.
Educated idv. would be in charge
Anti-Federalist
Power in the states
Citizens should be in charge
Whiskey Rebellion
farmers from Western Pennsylvania rose up in protest of what they saw as unfair taxation and provided the new nation
Jay’s Treaty
an agreement between the United States and Great Britain in 1794
Washington’s Farewell Warnings
No permeant alliance
No 2 parties
Impressment
the forced enlistment of men into a military force,
XYZ Affair
a diplomatic incident between the United States and France that took place in 1797-0 1798
Alien & Sedition Acts
limited speech critical of the government
Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions
States can nullify when they feel like it
Cold War
period of tensions btw U.S. & Soviets w/o fighting
Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech
emphasize the necessity for the United States and Britain to act as the guardians of peace and stability against the menace of Soviet communism
Containment Policy
stop communism from spending
Detente Policy
cooling of tensions
Marshall Plan
U.S. gives money to war torn Europe to show Capt. is so cool
Truman Doctrine
United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces.
Ping Pong diplomacy
first public sign of improved relations between the United States and China in 1971
Vietnamilazation
U.S. stepped out of Vietnam
Sunbelt
region of the United States that includes the Southeast and Southwest
G.I Bill
gave war veterans housing, schooling
Brown v. Board
Legalized stopping segregation
MLK vs. Malcolm X
MLK: wanted races to mix
Malcolm X: black supermacy
Civil Rights Act
prohibited discrimination in public places
Voting Rights Act
direct federal intervention to enable African Americans to register and vote
Cesar Chavez
Latino civil rights activist
Phyllis Schlafly
equal rights amendment
Stonewall Riots
a series of homosexuals riots over police action against The Stonewall Inn
OPEC
countries that pinch oil supply
Iran Hostage Crisis
held 52 of them hostage for more than a yea
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
right to accused protected from self incriminatio
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
right to counsel
Baker v. Carr
attempted to balance rural and suburban white communties
Roe v. Wade
abortion is legal
Bakke v. Uni. Cali (1978)
affirmative action
great society
war on poverty
Colonziation goals of spain
3 G’s
Colonziation goals of france
$, rivarly
Colonziation goals of dutch
new trade route
Colonziation goals of british
$
Chesapeake
Society: Mostly men
Economic Activities: Tabacco
Politics: Houses of Burgesses
New England
Society: Religious famalies
Economic Activities: Fishing/trade
Politics: Theocracy, town halls
Middle
Society: Tolerance, diversity
Economic Activities: breads
Politics: idv. charters
Caribbean & carolinas
Society: mixed
Economic Activities: sugar/indigo/rice
Politics: idv. charters
Mercantilism
economic theory that encourages a country to maximize exports and minimize imports
Navigation acts
series of laws passed by the British Parliament that imposed restrictions on colonial trade
bacon’s rebellion
a rebellion against Virginia Governor William Berkeley that took place from 1676 to 1677
1st great Awakening (1730s)
brought about new views & branches of Protestantism–decline in Anglican & puritan
Zenger trial
enlightenment ideals
