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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

the idea that white Americans were divinely ordained to settle the entire continent of North America.

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2
Q

Mexican-American War

A

war about gaining texas are from mexico

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3
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe (1848)

A

officially ended mexican America war & gave Texas, California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, most of Arizona and Colorado, and parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming

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4
Q

Homestead Act

A

gave land for person doing xyz

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5
Q

Free-soilers

A

Political party wanted no slavery in the West bc these farmers didn’t want to complete w/ plantation

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6
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

Let the people vote for they want to be a slave/not slave state

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7
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

cali & dc. is a free state, but harsher fugitive slave law passed

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8
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

The story of Uncle Tom, an enslaved person, depicted as saintly and dignified, noble and steadfast in his beliefs, fantasy

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9
Q

Fugitive Slave Act 1850

A

required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state.

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10
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

bloodshed by pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups, lasting until the violence died down in roughly 1859

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11
Q

Dred Scott case (1857)

A

slaves couldn’t sue their owner bc they were property –> no such thing as a free state

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12
Q

Election of 1860

A

Abe won

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13
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free.”

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14
Q

13th Amendment

A

abolished slavery in the United States.

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14
Q

14th Amendment

A

granted citizenship to all persons “born or naturalized in the United States,” including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,”

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15
Q

15th Amendment

A

guaranteed that the right to vote could not be denied based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

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16
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A

assist former slaves in getting employment, education, food, and clothing.

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16
Q

Sharecropping

A

a system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop.

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17
Q

Black codes

A

restricted black people’s right to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces.

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18
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

removal of federal troops in the South in exchange for Rep. President Hayes

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19
Q

Iroquois Confederacy

A

alliance btw colonizers and native Americans in New England

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20
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

new world and old world exchange their goods

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21
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

an agreement between the Kingdoms of Spain and Portugal that defined where each could explore and claim lands.

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22
Q

Ecomienda

A

Native slavery

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23
Q

Castas system

A

race-based social class/systems btw natives and spanish

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24
Q

Pope’s Rebellion

A

natives killed over 400 Spaniards and drove the remaining 2,000 Spanish settlers south toward Mexico

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25
Q

Bartolome de Las Casas

A

spanish guy that hated native slavery

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26
Q

Gines de Supulveda

A

spanish guy that loved native slavery

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27
Q

strict interpretationist

A

strictally follow the constitution

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28
Q

loose interpretationist

A

breifly follows the constitution

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29
Q

Louisiana Purchase Controversy

A

didn’t follow the constitution

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30
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

Bank is constitutional

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30
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

Judicial review

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31
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden

A

Congress regulates interstate commerce….not the states

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32
Q

Worcester v. Georgia

A

Cherokee have a right to native lands

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33
Q

Era of good feelings

A

a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812.

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34
Q

the American Systems

A

the policy of promoting industry in the U.S. by adoption of a high protective tariff and of developing internal improvements by the federal government

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35
Q

Missouri’s Statehood Controversy

A

Missouri’s statehood would disrupt the slave-not slave balance (11-11)

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36
Q

Compromise of 1820

A

36-30 Pararell
2 states must be added to remain the state balance

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37
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.

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38
Q

Market Reveloution

A

a period in the 1820s-1830s in which the economy and society shifted from moral economies to a capitalist system.

Industrial BOOM

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39
Q

Whigs

A

Anti-Jackson

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40
Q

Dem.-Republicians

A

Pro Jackson

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41
Q

Jackson’s “Extension” of Federal Power (he vetoed/say no to all of these)

A
  1. S. Carolina’s View of the Tariff (1828)
  2. The Bank War
  3. “Indian Removal”
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42
Q

Abolition

A

No slavery

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43
Q

2nd Great Awakening

A

Religions would revive during 1790-1840

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44
Q

Utopian

A

religious and reform minded groups influend by European smarty pants

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44
Q

Transcendentalism

A

a 19th-century American philosophical and theological movement that emphasizes self-reliance and respect for nature.

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45
Q

Women’s suffrage

A

guaranteeing women the right to vote

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46
Q

Panic of 1873

A

a financial crisis that lasted from 1873 to 1877 or 1879 that caused an economic depression in the United States and Europe

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47
Q

Vertical Monopolization

A

Control all phases of production to cut out the middle man (Cargenie)

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48
Q

Horizontal Monopolization

A

Cut out competition

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49
Q

Capt. of Industry

A

responsible for propelling U.S.’s economy seen as philanthropists(someone who donates their time, money, skills, or talent to improve the world)

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49
Q

Robber Barons

A

took advantage of workers & was like Rockerfeller

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50
Q

Laissez-faire

A

Government hands off approach

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51
Q

Social Darwinism

A

some ppl were “born to be poor” and others are “born to be rich”

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52
Q

Carnegie’s “Gospel of Wealth”

A

Rich ppl should support the poor

53
Q

Yellow Dog Contract

A

Employees couldn’t join unions bc of this contract

54
Q

Knights of Labor

A

a union that accepted ALL workers, no success

55
Q

American Federation of Labor

A

a union that mostly accepted males, some success

56
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States for Chinese ppl

57
Q

Dawes Act

A

the law authorized the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals.

58
Q

Nativism

A

Americans&raquo_space;»> American immigrants

59
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

A

legally established “separate but equal”

60
Q

Pendleton Civil Service Act

A

gov. jobs are given by hard work rather than spoils system

61
Q

Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

A

gov. overseas businesses

62
Q

Sherman Anti Trust Act

A

forbid any trust that restricted trade/Commerce across state lines

63
Q

American Imperialism

A

the expansion of the United States’ political, economic, cultural, media, and military influence beyond the country’s borders.

64
Q

Spanish American War (1898)

A

conflict between the United States and Spain that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U.S. acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin America

65
Q

Big sister policy

A

it was right for u.s. to be a big sister to latin countries

65
Q

Treaty of Paris (1898)

A

treaty concluding the Spanish-American War

65
Q

Yellow Journalism

A

Propaganda to Spain during the Spanish American War

66
Q

Who are the 3 Progressive Presidents?

A

T. Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson

66
Q

Open Door Policy

A

supported China and share Chinese access

67
Q

Clayton Anti Trust Act

A

responsible for making sure that companies behave themselves

68
Q

C.C.C.

A

Civilian Conservation Corps = recruit unemployed young men from urban areas to perform conservation work throughout the nation’s forests, parks, and fields.

69
Q

18th Amendment

A

Temperance

70
Q

19th Amendment

A

Women’s right to vote

70
Q

Red summer

A

racial riots in 1919

71
Q

C.P.I

A

brainwashing Americans during the war

72
Q

Red scare

A

A period in the United States history when everyone was so caught up in containment of communism

73
Q

Great migration

A

a mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North, Midwest, and West between 1910 and 1970

74
Q

Dust Bowl

A

1935 of a horrific dust storm

75
Q

F.D.I

A

Guarantee ppl money if banks go down (recovery)

75
Q

S.C.E

A

Regulate stock market (Reform)

76
Q

Neutrality Act 1939

A

to prevent the country from becoming involved in foreign wars

77
Q

British Policies on the Colonies

A

Taxes
Navigation Acts
Stamp Act
Sugar Act

77
Q

Pontiac’s Rebellion

A

English won land France, they expanded to Native lands which caused tensions –> war

77
Q

Boston Massacre

A

seven British soldiers fired into a crowd of volatile Bostonians, killing five, wounding another six, and angering an entire colony

78
Q

Sons/Daughter of Liberity

A

American colonists who supported the patriot cause violentlly

79
Q

Republican womanhood

A

patriots’ daughters should be raised to uphold the ideals of republicanism, in order to pass on republican values to the next generation

80
Q

NorthWest Ordiance 1787

A

Set rules for statehood

81
Q

Constitution’s Compromises

A

Electoral College
2 houses
3/5 Compromise

82
Q

Federalist

A

Strong central gov.
Educated idv. would be in charge

83
Q

Anti-Federalist

A

Power in the states
Citizens should be in charge

84
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

farmers from Western Pennsylvania rose up in protest of what they saw as unfair taxation and provided the new nation

85
Q

Jay’s Treaty

A

an agreement between the United States and Great Britain in 1794

86
Q

Washington’s Farewell Warnings

A

No permeant alliance
No 2 parties

87
Q

Impressment

A

the forced enlistment of men into a military force,

88
Q

XYZ Affair

A

a diplomatic incident between the United States and France that took place in 1797-0 1798

89
Q

Alien & Sedition Acts

A

limited speech critical of the government

90
Q

Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions

A

States can nullify when they feel like it

91
Q

Cold War

A

period of tensions btw U.S. & Soviets w/o fighting

92
Q

Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech

A

emphasize the necessity for the United States and Britain to act as the guardians of peace and stability against the menace of Soviet communism

93
Q

Containment Policy

A

stop communism from spending

94
Q

Detente Policy

A

cooling of tensions

95
Q

Marshall Plan

A

U.S. gives money to war torn Europe to show Capt. is so cool

96
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces.

97
Q

Ping Pong diplomacy

A

first public sign of improved relations between the United States and China in 1971

97
Q

Vietnamilazation

A

U.S. stepped out of Vietnam

98
Q

Sunbelt

A

region of the United States that includes the Southeast and Southwest

99
Q

G.I Bill

A

gave war veterans housing, schooling

100
Q

Brown v. Board

A

Legalized stopping segregation

101
Q

MLK vs. Malcolm X

A

MLK: wanted races to mix
Malcolm X: black supermacy

102
Q

Civil Rights Act

A

prohibited discrimination in public places

103
Q

Voting Rights Act

A

direct federal intervention to enable African Americans to register and vote

104
Q

Cesar Chavez

A

Latino civil rights activist

105
Q

Phyllis Schlafly

A

equal rights amendment

106
Q

Stonewall Riots

A

a series of homosexuals riots over police action against The Stonewall Inn

107
Q

OPEC

A

countries that pinch oil supply

107
Q

Iran Hostage Crisis

A

held 52 of them hostage for more than a yea

108
Q

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

A

right to accused protected from self incriminatio

109
Q

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

A

right to counsel

110
Q

Baker v. Carr

A

attempted to balance rural and suburban white communties

111
Q

Roe v. Wade

A

abortion is legal

112
Q

Bakke v. Uni. Cali (1978)

A

affirmative action

113
Q

great society

A

war on poverty

114
Q

Colonziation goals of spain

A

3 G’s

114
Q

Colonziation goals of france

A

$, rivarly

115
Q

Colonziation goals of dutch

A

new trade route

116
Q

Colonziation goals of british

A

$

117
Q

Chesapeake

A

Society: Mostly men
Economic Activities: Tabacco
Politics: Houses of Burgesses

118
Q

New England

A

Society: Religious famalies
Economic Activities: Fishing/trade
Politics: Theocracy, town halls

119
Q

Middle

A

Society: Tolerance, diversity
Economic Activities: breads
Politics: idv. charters

120
Q

Caribbean & carolinas

A

Society: mixed
Economic Activities: sugar/indigo/rice
Politics: idv. charters

121
Q

Mercantilism

A

economic theory that encourages a country to maximize exports and minimize imports

122
Q

Navigation acts

A

series of laws passed by the British Parliament that imposed restrictions on colonial trade

123
Q

bacon’s rebellion

A

a rebellion against Virginia Governor William Berkeley that took place from 1676 to 1677

124
Q

1st great Awakening (1730s)

A

brought about new views & branches of Protestantism–decline in Anglican & puritan

125
Q

Zenger trial

A

enlightenment ideals

BIOLOGY (11 decks)

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