Unit 3_Integumentary System Flashcards
What type of melanoma is the most common when brown or black raised patch with an irregular border and may include variable pigmentation develops?
Superficial spreading melanoma
What is the most aggressive form of melanoma where small, suddenly appearing but quickly enlarging bump or papule, most are black, develops?
Nodular melanoma
What form of melanoma is less common when as lesions enlarge, they can show more variation in pigment?
Lentigo maligna melanoma
What type of melanoma is most common in people with darker skin tones?
Acral lentiginous melanoma
Early recognition of ______ ______ can have a major impact on the surgical cure.
cutaneous melanomas
What are the therapist’s roles when treating someone with melanoma?
During observation and inspection of all colors of skin, the therapist should be alert to potential signs of skin cancer.
- Abnormal spots or lesions, especially in sun-exposed areas, that are rough in texture, persistently present, and bleed with minimal friction should be thoroughly examined.
- Any change in a wart or mole (color, size, shape, texture, ulceration, bleeding, itching) should be inspected by a qualified health care provider.
Education on the effects of UV radiation and taking precautions.
If surgery is required, the therapist may be involved with wound management that may involve care of a skin graft and associated donor site.
For patients with terminal disease, hospice care may include pain control and management.
What are the ABCDEs of melanoma?
Asymmetry
- One half of the spot is unlike the other half
Border
- Spot has an irregular, scalloped, or poorly defined border
Color
- Spot has varying colors from one area to the next. Tan, brown, black, white, red or blue
Diameter
- Usually greater than 6mm in diameter
Evolving
- Changing in size, shape, or color
What is an injury from direct contact with or exposure to any thermal, chemical, electrical, or radiation source?
Burn
What is determined by the depth of the burn injury and the total body surface area?
Burn severity
Other factors: burn location, age of the patient, general health status, risk of infection, and presence of inhalation injury
What are caused by exposure to or contact with sources such as flame, hot liquid, steam, hot smoke, semisolids (tar), or hot objects (or friction burns from rope/road rash from motorcycle/cycling accidents)?
Thermal burns
What are caused by tissue contact with or ingestion, inhalation, or injection of strong acids, alkalis, or organic compounds?
Chemical burns
What are caused by heat that is generated by electrical energy as it passes through the body?
Electrical burns
What are caused by exposure to a radioactive source?
Radiation burns
What results in denaturation of proteins, water vaporization, and cutaneous blood vessel thrombosis in affected areas?
Immune system function is depressed –> infection and life-threatening sepsis.
The respiratory system –> pulmonary artery hypertension and decreased lung compliance.
Exposure to excessive heat
What occurs when heat is generated as the electricity travels through the body, resulting in internal tissue damage and potential multisystem injury?
Electrical burns
What is the most common and life-threatening complication of burn injuries?
Infection
What can result in permanent physical and vocational disability, requiring extensive therapy and rehabilitation?
Burns of the hands and joints
What is treatment for burns?
faster wound closure, decrease pain, and decrease the risk and severity of scar formation
What is the therapist’s role in burn treatment?
Prevention
- Simple cooking precautions
- do not leave burners in use unattended, do not use high heat, do not wear clothing with loose sleeves or belts (especially bathrobes), use front burners when appropriate, etc.
- Use of back burners to prevent scalding injuries to children
Encourage deep breathing and facilitate lung expansion
Promote wound healing (and prevent further wounds)
Increase ROM, strength, and function
- Prevent contractures
Encourage emotional and psychological well-being
Monitor medical complications and vital signs
- ileus, gastric ulcers, respiratory distress, infection, and impaired circulation
- heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation levels
Regular inspection of the burn wound must be performed and any change in appearance reported.
- Signs of infection
What is a lesion caused by unrelieved pressure, resulting in damage to underlying tissue?
General health and nutrition, skin perfusion, and microclimate (temperature and moisture) all can affect the ability of the skin to tolerate pressure.
Risk factors include mobility and activity limitations, impaired circulation, skin moisture, age, nutrition, and general health status.
Usually occur over bony prominences, such as the heels, sacrum, ischial tuberosities, greater trochanters, elbows, and scapula or under medical devices.
Staged to classify the degree of tissue damage observed.
Pressure injury
What are risk factors of pressure injury?
Sensory perception
Moisture
Activity
Mobility
Nutrition
Friction/shear
What occurs when continuous pressure on soft tissues between bony prominences and hard or unyielding surfaces compresses capillaries and occludes blood flow and lymph drainage?
No tissue damage develops if the ischemia is for only a short time.
If pressure is not relieved, endothelial cells lining the capillaries become disrupted by platelet aggregation, blood flow is occluded, and the surrounding tissue becomes necrotic.
Pressure injury
What can be localized and self-limiting or can progress to sepsis during a pressure injury?
Trauma to the tissues produces an acute inflammatory response with hyperemia, fever, and increased white blood cell count.
Infection
What stage of pressure injury is Nonblanchable Erythema of Intact Skin?
Stage 1. Pressure Injury
