Unit 1_Infectious Diseases Flashcards
What may occur in which no apparent symptoms are evident other than an identifiable immune response of the host?
Subclinical infection
What is the period between the pathogen entering the host and the appearance of clinical symptoms called?
Incubation period
What is any organism that can cause disease known as?
Pathogenic agent
What is an environment where an organism can live/multiply?
Reservoir
What is known as when an organism leaves the reservoir?
Portal of exit from the reservoir
What is the following known as in relation to the chain of transmission of a pathogen to the host:
Direct: physical contact
Indirect: through a “fomite” such as a telephone, tray table, countertop
Mode (mechanism) of transmission
What is invasion known as in relation to the chain of transmission of a pathogen to the host?
Portal of entry into the host
What is lots of reasons that may increase/decrease the chances of infection in relation to the chain of transmission of a pathogen to the host?
Susceptible host
What is the ability to spread in relation to the capacity of microbes to cause disease?
Invasiveness
What are the following in relation to the capacity of microbes to cause disease:
Enzyme, endotoxin, exotoxin production
Damage cells or interfere with host functions
Toxicity
What are the following in relation to the capacity of microbes to cause disease:
Pili
streptococci in respiratory system
Adherence to/compatibility with tissue
What are the following in relation to the capacity of microbes to cause disease:
Mutations
“shields”
Avoidance of host defenses
What pattern of infection occurs when the organism enters the body and is confined to a specific location? Focal: pathogen spread from one local infection to another tissue(s)
Local
What occurs when the pattern of infection spreads to several sites and tissue fluids (usually circulatory system)? Septicemia/sepsis: pathogens in the blood
Systemic
What are unicellular organisms that do NOT require living tissue to survive? They have their own metabolic processes
Bacteria
What’s the target in bacteria for drugs as human cells do not have these?
Outer rigid cell walls
What requires a living host for replication?
Viruses
What are hard to treat and:
Hide inside human cells (need a host)
Lack own metabolic processes that drugs may interfere with
Replicate and mutate frequently
Viruses
Systemic symptoms such as fever and chills, sweating, malaise, and nausea and vomiting are signs of what?
Infectious Diseases
What are substances that result in activation of the hypothalamus to increase heat production and are causes of fever?
Pyrogens
A temperatures above 39°C (104 F) may cause what?
Delirium and seizures
Irreversible cell damage
A therapist should be aware of pain (in back, hip, knee) and range of motion limitations during what infection?
Abscess
As bacteria travel to the lymph nodes what may result leading to rapid systemic deterioration?
septicemia, or bacteria in the bloodstream
What are infectious control standard precautions that should be taken?
Hand hygiene
Clean patient care area/equipment with disinfectant
