Unit 3.1 Food Supply plant growth and productivity

Question 1

What is the reason for an increase in food production

Answer 1

There is an increase in the demand of food due to an increase in the human population.

Question 2

What happens as the human population increases

Answer 2

Increase in food demand
Increase in crop production
Increase in food security

Question 3

Food security definition

Answer 3

Where a population can easily access food of sufficient quality and quantity.

Question 4

What is high quality food

Answer 4

Nutritious food which provides a balanced diet.

Question 5

What is accessible food

Answer 5

Food that doesn’t have to be imported from another country, meaning that a population doesn’t rely on another country for their food.

Question 6

What is a high quantity of food

Answer 6

Where there is sufficient crops and food produced for the population.

Question 7

Requirements of successful food production

Answer 7

It must be sustainable - meaning it doesn’t degrade natural resources.
Limiting factors of photosynthesis should be controlled and maximised.
Limiting factors of plant growth must be controlled and maximised.

Question 8

Methods to increase crop yield

Answer 8

Fertilisers
Breeding crops with a higher yield of cultivar
Protecting crops with pesticides.

Question 9

Types of crops

Answer 9

Cereals
Potatoes
Roots
Legumes

Question 10

Desired breeding characteristics

Answer 10

High nutritional value
Resistance to pests
Characteristics which make crops easier to harvest
Being able to survive in environmental conditions.

Question 11

What do you do if you live in a habitat where crops can’t be produced

Answer 11

Keep livestock

Question 12

Livestock definition

Answer 12

Animals which can be used to produce food products.
In location where large quantities of crop’s cannot be produced

Question 13

Advantage of livestock

Answer 13

They can live in environments where crops cannot be produced in large quantities

Question 14

Disadvantage of livestock

Answer 14

Crops produce more food per unit area than livestock.

Question 15

Photosynthesis definition

Answer 15

The process of using light energy , water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen molecules in the leaves of plants.

Question 16

Basic equation of photosynthesis

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide + water —-> glucose + oxygen

(Light energy over arrow)
COWEGO

Question 17

What is light

Answer 17

It’s an electromagnetic radiation which travels in waves.

Question 18

What is a wavelength of light

Answer 18

It is the distance between two crests of a wave of light.

Question 19

What is wavelength measured in

Answer 19

Nanometers
nm

Question 20

What is visible light made up of

Answer 20

A spectrum of different colours, each different colour of light has a different wavelength.

Question 21

Light fates at a leaf

Answer 21

Absorbed by photosynthetic pigments
Reflected
Transmitted (passes through)

Question 22

Colour spectrum of green light

Answer 22

500 - 600

Question 23

What do pigments do

Answer 23

They absorb different wavelengths of visible light

Question 24

Types of pigment

Answer 24

Chlorophyll A
Chlorophyll B
Carotenoids - such as carotene and xanthophyll

Question 25

Visible light spectrum

Answer 25

400 - 700 nm
400 - 500 blue
500 - 600 green
600 - 700 red

Question 26

What is the action spectrum

Answer 26

The spectrum which shows the rate of photosynthesis at each wavelength of light

Question 27

What is the absorption spectrum

Answer 27

The spectrum which shows visible light absorbed at each wavelength in a plant leaf

Question 28

What do the action and absorption spectrum look like

Answer 28

High in 400 - 500 and 600-700
But low in 500 -600

Question 29

Rules of absorption and action spectrum

Answer 29

As the absorption increases the action increases.

Question 30

Chromatography definition

Answer 30

A biological technique used to separate pigments used in photosynthesis based on solubility.

Question 31

Photosynthesis definition

Answer 31

The process of producing glucose molecules from water, carbon dioxide and light energy.

Question 32

Stage 1 of photosynthesis and stage 1 of photolysis

Answer 32

Pigment molecules in the leaf contain electrons, when light energy is absorbed it excites these electrons.

Question 33

Stage 2 of photosynthesis and photolysis

Answer 33

The light energy then breaks down water into the hydrogen ions and oxygen.

Question 34

Stage 3 of photosynthesis and photolysis

Answer 34

The electrons travel across the membrane releasing energy, which allows the hydrogen ions to travel across the membrane.

Question 35

Stage 4 of photosynthesis and photolysis

Answer 35

The hydrogen ions are then transported across the membrane by the enzyme ATP synthase, which is then activated to generate ATP from ADP and Pi

Question 36

Stage 5 of photolysis and stage 5 of photosynthesis

Answer 36

The Hydrogen ions and electrons then bind with NADP to form NADPH (co enzyme) oxygen diffuses out of the plant

Question 37

Stage 6 of photosynthesis and stage 1 of Calvin cycle

Answer 37

The carbon dioxide then binds with RuBP in the presence of the enzyme RuBisCO to form 3PG

Question 38

Stage 2 of Calvin cycle stage 7 of photosynthesis

Answer 38

ATP breaks down into ADP and Pi, the phosphate is then used to phosphorylate 3PG, then NADPH breaks down into NADP and hydrogen ions and electrons, the hydrogen ions and electrons then bind with 3PG to form G-3-P

Question 38

Calvin cycle 3 stage 8 of aerobic respiration

Answer 38

G3Pis then either converted into RuBP or into Glucose.

Question 39

Fates of glucose

Answer 39

Used as glucose as a respiratory substrate
Used to synthesise the storage carbohydrate starch
Used to synthesis the structural carbohydrate cellulose
Passed onto other bio synthetic pathways .

Question 40

What do carotenoids do

Answer 40

Extend the wavelengths of light which are absorbed by leaves of a plant