2.4 metabolism in conformers and regulators

Question 1

What changes an organisms metabolic rate

Answer 1

Abiotic factors

Question 2

Factors affecting metabolic rate

Answer 2

pH, salinity and temperature

Question 3

Conformers definition

Answer 3

organisms which cannot alter their metabolic rate to maintain internal environment, meaning internal environment is dependant on external abiotic factors.

Question 4

Regulators definition

Answer 4

Organisms which can alter their normal metabolic rate to maintain a constant internal environment and adapt to their external environment.

Question 5

Metabolic cost

Answer 5

The energy that organism uses in relation to maintaining a constant internal environment, and adapting to external environment.

Question 6

Conformers features

Answer 6

They are dependant on external abiotic factors
Live in stable conditions
Low metabolic cost
Use behavioural responses to maintain internal environment
Narrow range of ecological niches
Less adaptable to environment

Question 7

Regulators features

Answer 7

Metabolic rate can be altered and maintained despite external abiotic factors
Metabolism controls internal environment
Metabolic cost is high
Uses of physiological responses
Larger range of ecological niches
More adaptable to changing environment

Question 8

Metabolic rate definition

Answer 8

The quantity of energy consumed by an organism over time.

Question 9

Metabolic rate of conformers

Answer 9

Cannot alter metabolic rate to maintain internal environment

Question 10

Metabolic rate of regulators

Answer 10

Are able to alter their normal metabolic rate, to maintain a constant internal environment.

Question 11

Conformers internal environment

Answer 11

Is dependant on external environment/ abiotic factors

Question 12

Regulators internal environment

Answer 12

Isn’t dependant on external environment since metabolism controls internal environment

Question 13

Conformers responses

Answer 13

Behavioural

Question 14

Regulators responses

Answer 14

Physiological

Question 15

Physiological metabolic change

Answer 15

Where a regulators metabolism naturally allows it to maintain a constant internal environment

Question 16

Conformers metabolic cost

Answer 16

Low due to not being able to alter metabolic rate

Question 17

Regulators metabolic cost

Answer 17

High due to altering metabolic rate requiring high quantities of energy.

Question 18

Conformers ecological niche

Answer 18

Narrow range of niches due to not not being able to adapt to abiotic factors using metabolic rate.

Question 19

Regulators ecological niches

Answer 19

High variety of niches due to being able to adapt to a variety of abiotic factors using metabolic rate.

Question 20

Conformers adaptability

Answer 20

Low due to no control over metabolic rate

Question 21

Regulators adaptability

Answer 21

High due to metabolic rate being altered to survive changes in abiotic factors.

Question 22

Homeostasis definition

Answer 22

The physiological process of maintain a constant internal environment, through negative feedback control.

Question 23

Negative feedback control definition

Answer 23

When a the bodies internal environment deviates from a set point/level and the body responds to return the internal environment to its original set point/level.

Question 24

Examples of homeostasis

Answer 24

Thermoregulation

Question 25

Thermoregulation definition

Answer 25

Where the body maintains a constant internal temperature through physiological homeostasis and negative feedback control.

Question 26

Reasons for Thermoregulation

Answer 26

Allows for optimum enzyme activity and fast diffusion rates.

Question 27

Process of homeostasis

Answer 27

Receptor detects a change in internal environment Nerves transport sensory information to the effector Effector produces a response to change internal environment back to set point/level

Question 28

Process of thermoregulation

Answer 28

The thermoreceptors inside the hypothalamus detect a change in blood temperature, The nerves then send a signal to the skin effectors. Skin effectors produce a response, which alters temperature back to normal.

Question 29

What part of the brain regulates temperature

Answer 29

Hypothalamus

Question 30

What part of the hypothalamus detects temperature change

Answer 30

Thermo receptors

Question 31

Skin effectors response to high temperature

Answer 31

Sweating Vasodilation Hair and erector muscle relaxation Decreased metabolic rate

Question 32

Skin effectors response to low temperature

Answer 32

Shivering Vasoconstriction Hair and erector muscle contraction. Increased metabolic rate

Question 33

How does sweating decrease temperatures

Answer 33

Sweating releases sweat from sweat glands, containing heat energy, which then evaporates off the skin, cooling down your body temperature.

Question 34

How does shivering increase body temperature

Answer 34

Shivering is where the erector muscles contract for long durations of time causing you to tremble, and generating heat energy.

Question 35

Vasodilation def

Answer 35

Where blood vessels get wider, increasing the blood flow to the skin, and increasing the heat lost by skin.

Question 36

Vasoconstriction def

Answer 36

Where blood vessels thinner, decreasing blood flow to the skin and meaning less heat energy is lost by the skin.

Question 37

Erector muscle and hair contraction reason

Answer 37

The erector muscles contract, making hairs stand up and providing extra insulation for the skin.

Question 38

Erector muscle and hair relaxation

Answer 38

The erector muscles relax, making hairs relax, decreasing insulation for the skin.

Question 39

Temperature affect on metabolic rate

Answer 39

High temperature means less heat energy is produced meaning lower metabolic rate. Low temperature means more heat energy is produced meaning higher metabolic rate.