2.3 metabolic rate Flashcards
Metabolic rate definition
The quantity of energy consumed by an organism, over a certain timeframe.
Methods of measuring metabolic rate
Respirometer
Calorimeter
Oxygen/carbon dioxide probes
What can respirometers measure
Carbon dioxide concentration
Oxygen concentration
Temperature
What can calorimeters measure
Temperature
Respirometer definition
A piece of biology apparatus used to measure the metabolic rate, using variables such as Temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and oxygen concentration.
Calorimeter
A piece of biology apparatus which measures the metabolic rate, an organism is placed in a chamber and made to exercise, as the organism respires it heats up the chamber and the water which is separated from the chamber, which is then compared with water from the start of the process to show metabolic rate.
Rules of oxygen efficiency and metabolic rate
As metabolic rate increases the oxygen efficiency increases.
Order of metabolic rate
Mammals + birds
Reptiles + amphibians
Fish
Types of circulatory system
Single
Complete double
Incomplete double
Chambers of the heart
Atrium
Ventricles
Atrium
The top chambers of the heart which receive blood from the veins
Ventricle
The bottom chambers of the heart which pump blood to the lungs/around the body.
Birds and mammals circulatory system
Complete double
Fish circulatory system
Single
Reptile and amphibian circulatory system
Incomplete double
Features of complete double circulatory system
Found in birds and mammals
Highest metabolic rate and oxygen efficiency
4 chambers - atria 2ventricles
Blood enters the heart twice
Contains a septum to separate both sides of the heart and separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Features of incomplete double circulatory system
Found in reptiles and amphibians
Medium oxygen efficiency and metabolic rate
3 chambers 2 atria 1 ventricle
Blood enters heart twice
Doesn’t contain a septum, meaning oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are not kept separate.
Features of single circulatory system
Found in fish
Low oxygen efficiency and metabolic rate
2 chambers
Blood enters the heart once
Doesn’t contain a septum and blood in the heart is deoxygenated
Reason that the complete double circulatory system has the highest metabolic rate and oxygen efficiency
The septum keeps the oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood separate so no deoxygenated blood is transported to cells.
The two ventricles working together pump blood at a higher pressure, and pump blood around the body more efficiently.
Reasons why incomplete double and single are less oxygen efficient and have a lower metabolic rate.
Due to the lack of a septum the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are not separate when they enter the ventricle, therefore meaning that some/more deoxygenated blood will be transported around the body.
