2.2 cellular respiration Flashcards
ATP def
The chemical energy which is used by cells for cellular processes to occur.
Mitochondria def
The site of aerobic respiration within a cell.
How does ATP release energy
ATP breaks down into ADP and Pi, which releases energy since the outermost phosphate bond is energy rich.
ATP actual name
Adenosine triphosphate
ADP actual name
Adenosine diphosphate
Rule for mitochondria number in cells
As the energy requirements of a cell increases the number of mitochondria increases.
Parts of the mitochondria
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Matrix
Where does glycolysis occur
Cytoplasm
Outer membrane def
The location in the mitochondria, which is the outermost shell of the mitochondria
Inner membrane def
The location in the mitochondria where electron transport chain occurs.
Matrix def
The location in the mitochondria where stage citric acid cycle occurs.
NAD def
A co enzyme which binds with hydrogen ions and electrons released by dehydrogenase and transports it to the electron transport chain.
NAD equation
NAD —-> NADH
Energy investment phase (glycolysis)
Where 2ATP molecules are used
Energy payoff phase
Where 4 ATP molecules are formed.
Energy yield of glycolysis
2ATP USED
4ATP PRODUCED
2ATP YIELD
Phosphorylation
The enzyme controlled process of where a phosphate group (Pi) is added to another to another molecule.
Glycolysis process stage 1
The process where glucose breaks down into pyruvate in the cytoplasm.
Glycolysis process stage 2
2ATP breaks down into 2ADP + 2Pi, then the phosphates are added to the glucose, in a process called phosphorylation, this is known as the energy investment phase.