Unit 3 - Topic 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Goitre
A
- Swelling of thyroid gland
2
Q
Goitre location
A
Base of neck
3
Q
Goitre cause
A
Iodine deficiency
4
Q
Goitre in world
A
Places where sea products not frequently eaten
5
Q
Human body and food made up of …
A
Chemicals
6
Q
Process of digestion
A
Breaks down chemicals in food into small, solubale molecules
7
Q
Small, soluble molecules pass through …
A
Membranes into blood vessels
8
Q
Nutrient
A
Chemical in food, used for energy, growth, body building, or cell repair
9
Q
Nutrients circulate …
A
Through the body to cells used for functions
10
Q
Nutrients divided into two major groups
A
Organic and inorganic
11
Q
Organic knows as
A
Carbon-containing
12
Q
Types organic nutrients
A
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins
13
Q
Many Organic compounds only from
A
Green plants
14
Q
Animals modify …
A
Organic compound green plants can’t for,
15
Q
Organic compounds essential …
A
For health
16
Q
Chemicals do what to organic compounds
A
Transform them into more complex materials
17
Q
Carbohydrates role in nutrition
A
Energy source for metabolism
18
Q
Proteins role in nutrition
A
Structural molecule for body and helps chemical reactions
19
Q
Lipids role in nutrition
A
Storage of unused chemical energy
20
Q
Sources of carbohydrates
A
- rice
- grains
- potatoes
- fruits
21
Q
Sources of proteins
A
- meat
- eggs
- dairy products
- legumes
- nuts
22
Q
Source of lipids
A
- vegetable oils
- nut oils
- some dairy products
23
Q
Minerals
A
Inorganic substances not destroyed by cooking or exposure to air
24
Q
Macromineral
A
100 mg/day or more
25
Trace element
Less than 100 mg/day
26
Enzymes
Special protein molecule regulating chemical reactions in living organisms
27
Vitamins
Large organic molecules helping in enzymes function
28
Vitamins are nutrients that can’t …
Be made by human body and must consume through food
29
16
How many naturally occurring elements occur in all living organisms
30
18
of elements green plants require for growth and functioning
31
22 +
of elements humans require for proper growth and functioning
32
Rock made up of …
Elements
33
Minerals can be …
Elements or compounds
34
Four most common elements in human body in wet mass
- Oxygen —> 65%
- Carbon —> 18%
- Hydrogen —> 10%
- Nitrogen —> 3%
35
Found mainly in form of water
Hydrogen and oxygen cause earth made up of 60% mass
36
Fluorine controversy
Adding fluoride to water decreases cost of dental services in Canada but people oppose use in municipal water supplies
37
Vitamin C
Helps form connective tissues holding skin, muscle, blood vessels etc. together
38
Vitamin C/humans
Can’t make own within bodies
| One of few animals species that can’t
39
Scurvy
Disease resulting from lack of vitamin C in diet
40
Scurvy effects
Bloody gums
Teeth loss
Bruising
41
Scurvy seriousness
Not fatal
| Decreases resistance to other deadly diseases
42
Limeys
```
British sailors in 1700s
Ate lemons (called limes at time) to avoid scurvy
```
43
Painkiller negative effects
Chemicals might react with other chemicals in body making diagnosis difficult
Patient might not follow up on problem until body permanently damaged
44
Low calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc, chromium, selenium results in
- intense burning pain in feet
| - burning sensation in left arm and chest after walking short distances
45
Allergies …
Cause ppl to avoid certain foods or prevent from absorbing enough of necessary chemicals
46
Inability to digest certain foods caused by …
Inflammation of digestive tract
47
Solve chemical imbalance
Prescribe minerals
48
Calcium and magnesium in macromineral amounts correct
Arterial spasm causing chest pain
49
Burning feet (inflamed nerves) prescription
Trace element of B-complex vitamins
50
Most elements humans need found
In soil
51
Elements in soil …
Found in extremely low concentrations
52
Plants extract around what weight of minerals for us annually
6 000 000 000 t
53
Root systems of plants uniquely suited for
Extracting minerals
54
Root hairs
Increase surface area of roots for absorption by branching again and again as they grow o get most contact with water in soil
55
Minerals dissolve in
Water
56
10 000x
Amount greater root hairs able to produce than soil around them
57
Minerals absorbed by roots …
Used in building organic compounds such as vitamins, proteins, lipids
58
Scientists interested in …
What affects plants development and growth
59
1930/Howard Dittmer/State University of Iowa
- planted single winter rye/Secale ceraeale
- box of soil
- box = 30cm x 30cm x 56cm
Four months later
- total length nearly 11 000 km (quarter earths circumference)
- surface area 630 m^2 (floor space of four to five houses)
60
Apollo 15/David Scott, James Irwin
- excellent health before leaving
- irregular heart rhythm during high exertion and stress moments
- NASA doctors concerned low gravity having negative effects on humans
- low potassium levels from highly refined foods supplied
- potassium-enriched food added to menu of later missions
61
3 numbers on bag of fertilizer indicate
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
62
High nitrogen
Leaves
63
High phosphorus
Roots
64
High potassium
Flowers
65
Commercial fertilizers provide N ^2 in form of 3 compounds
- nitrates, ammonia, urea
- plants can’t take nitrogen from atmosphere directly
- plants absorb nitrates dissolved in water and use nitrates for protein
66
Two step process for forming nitrates
- few species in soil fix atmospheric nitrogen forming ammonia
- ammonia changed to nitrates by other species
67
Phosphorus provided …
In phosphate compounds
68
Potash
Source of potassium
69
Different fertilizers do what
Aid growth of certain plant parts
70
Numbers on fertilizer always …
In same order
71
Numbers refer to …
% of mass of fertilizer mix providing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
72
Until early 1900s …
Plants received nitrates only from nature
73
Artificial fertilizers changed plant nitrogen relationship cause
Increasing nitrogen levels available for plants
74
What increased amount of nitrogen in environment
Artificial fertilizers
| Other human activities
75
Increase in nitrogen
14 000 000 t per year
76
Pros of nitrogen
- increased plant growth
- doubled crop production worldwide since 1950s
- development of high yield food crops
- increased food production
Can us land barely suitable for farming
77
Cons of nitrogen
- need lot of fertilizer and water
- expensive for farmers
- increases chances of disease spreading through crops
78
Pesticides pros/cons
- reduce amount of crops lost to disease
| - exact cost in dollars and environmental impact
