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Science 9 > Unit 3 - Topic 1 > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Goitre

A
  • Swelling of thyroid gland
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2
Q

Goitre location

A

Base of neck

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3
Q

Goitre cause

A

Iodine deficiency

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4
Q

Goitre in world

A

Places where sea products not frequently eaten

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5
Q

Human body and food made up of …

A

Chemicals

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6
Q

Process of digestion

A

Breaks down chemicals in food into small, solubale molecules

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7
Q

Small, soluble molecules pass through …

A

Membranes into blood vessels

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8
Q

Nutrient

A

Chemical in food, used for energy, growth, body building, or cell repair

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9
Q

Nutrients circulate …

A

Through the body to cells used for functions

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10
Q

Nutrients divided into two major groups

A

Organic and inorganic

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11
Q

Organic knows as

A

Carbon-containing

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12
Q

Types organic nutrients

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins

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13
Q

Many Organic compounds only from

A

Green plants

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14
Q

Animals modify …

A

Organic compound green plants can’t for,

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15
Q

Organic compounds essential …

A

For health

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16
Q

Chemicals do what to organic compounds

A

Transform them into more complex materials

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17
Q

Carbohydrates role in nutrition

A

Energy source for metabolism

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18
Q

Proteins role in nutrition

A

Structural molecule for body and helps chemical reactions

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19
Q

Lipids role in nutrition

A

Storage of unused chemical energy

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20
Q

Sources of carbohydrates

A
  • rice
  • grains
  • potatoes
  • fruits
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21
Q

Sources of proteins

A
  • meat
  • eggs
  • dairy products
  • legumes
  • nuts
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22
Q

Source of lipids

A
  • vegetable oils
  • nut oils
  • some dairy products
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23
Q

Minerals

A

Inorganic substances not destroyed by cooking or exposure to air

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24
Q

Macromineral

A

100 mg/day or more

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25
Q

Trace element

A

Less than 100 mg/day

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26
Q

Enzymes

A

Special protein molecule regulating chemical reactions in living organisms

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27
Q

Vitamins

A

Large organic molecules helping in enzymes function

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28
Q

Vitamins are nutrients that can’t …

A

Be made by human body and must consume through food

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29
Q

16

A

How many naturally occurring elements occur in all living organisms

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30
Q

18

A

of elements green plants require for growth and functioning

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31
Q

22 +

A

of elements humans require for proper growth and functioning

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32
Q

Rock made up of …

A

Elements

33
Q

Minerals can be …

A

Elements or compounds

34
Q

Four most common elements in human body in wet mass

A
  • Oxygen —> 65%
  • Carbon —> 18%
  • Hydrogen —> 10%
  • Nitrogen —> 3%
35
Q

Found mainly in form of water

A

Hydrogen and oxygen cause earth made up of 60% mass

36
Q

Fluorine controversy

A

Adding fluoride to water decreases cost of dental services in Canada but people oppose use in municipal water supplies

37
Q

Vitamin C

A

Helps form connective tissues holding skin, muscle, blood vessels etc. together

38
Q

Vitamin C/humans

A

Can’t make own within bodies

One of few animals species that can’t

39
Q

Scurvy

A

Disease resulting from lack of vitamin C in diet

40
Q

Scurvy effects

A

Bloody gums
Teeth loss
Bruising

41
Q

Scurvy seriousness

A

Not fatal

Decreases resistance to other deadly diseases

42
Q

Limeys

A 
British sailors in 1700s
Ate lemons (called limes at time) to avoid scurvy
43
Q

Painkiller negative effects

A

Chemicals might react with other chemicals in body making diagnosis difficult
Patient might not follow up on problem until body permanently damaged

44
Q

Low calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc, chromium, selenium results in

A
  • intense burning pain in feet

- burning sensation in left arm and chest after walking short distances

45
Q

Allergies …

A

Cause ppl to avoid certain foods or prevent from absorbing enough of necessary chemicals

46
Q

Inability to digest certain foods caused by …

A

Inflammation of digestive tract

47
Q

Solve chemical imbalance

A

Prescribe minerals

48
Q

Calcium and magnesium in macromineral amounts correct

A

Arterial spasm causing chest pain

49
Q

Burning feet (inflamed nerves) prescription

A

Trace element of B-complex vitamins

50
Q

Most elements humans need found

A

In soil

51
Q

Elements in soil …

A

Found in extremely low concentrations

52
Q

Plants extract around what weight of minerals for us annually

A

6 000 000 000 t

53
Q

Root systems of plants uniquely suited for

A

Extracting minerals

54
Q

Root hairs

A

Increase surface area of roots for absorption by branching again and again as they grow o get most contact with water in soil

55
Q

Minerals dissolve in

A

Water

56
Q

10 000x

A

Amount greater root hairs able to produce than soil around them

57
Q

Minerals absorbed by roots …

A

Used in building organic compounds such as vitamins, proteins, lipids

58
Q

Scientists interested in …

A

What affects plants development and growth

59
Q

1930/Howard Dittmer/State University of Iowa

A
  • planted single winter rye/Secale ceraeale
  • box of soil
  • box = 30cm x 30cm x 56cm
    Four months later
  • total length nearly 11 000 km (quarter earths circumference)
  • surface area 630 m^2 (floor space of four to five houses)
60
Q

Apollo 15/David Scott, James Irwin

A
  • excellent health before leaving
  • irregular heart rhythm during high exertion and stress moments
  • NASA doctors concerned low gravity having negative effects on humans
  • low potassium levels from highly refined foods supplied
  • potassium-enriched food added to menu of later missions
61
Q

3 numbers on bag of fertilizer indicate

A

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

62
Q

High nitrogen

A

Leaves

63
Q

High phosphorus

A

Roots

64
Q

High potassium

A

Flowers

65
Q

Commercial fertilizers provide N ^2 in form of 3 compounds

A
  • nitrates, ammonia, urea
  • plants can’t take nitrogen from atmosphere directly
  • plants absorb nitrates dissolved in water and use nitrates for protein
66
Q

Two step process for forming nitrates

A
  • few species in soil fix atmospheric nitrogen forming ammonia
  • ammonia changed to nitrates by other species
67
Q

Phosphorus provided …

A

In phosphate compounds

68
Q

Potash

A

Source of potassium

69
Q

Different fertilizers do what

A

Aid growth of certain plant parts

70
Q

Numbers on fertilizer always …

A

In same order

71
Q

Numbers refer to …

A

% of mass of fertilizer mix providing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

72
Q

Until early 1900s …

A

Plants received nitrates only from nature

73
Q

Artificial fertilizers changed plant nitrogen relationship cause

A

Increasing nitrogen levels available for plants

74
Q

What increased amount of nitrogen in environment

A

Artificial fertilizers

Other human activities

75
Q

Increase in nitrogen

A

14 000 000 t per year

76
Q

Pros of nitrogen

A
  • increased plant growth
  • doubled crop production worldwide since 1950s
  • development of high yield food crops
  • increased food production
    Can us land barely suitable for farming
77
Q

Cons of nitrogen

A
  • need lot of fertilizer and water
  • expensive for farmers
  • increases chances of disease spreading through crops
78
Q

Pesticides pros/cons

A
  • reduce amount of crops lost to disease

- exact cost in dollars and environmental impact

Science 9 (21 decks)

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