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Science 9 > Unit 1 - Topic 3 > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Topic 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Heritable

A

Genetic characteristic

Can be passed on from parent to offspring

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2
Q

Reproductive strategy

A

Method organism uses to reproduce

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3
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Formation of new individual from single organism

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4
Q

Binary fission

A

Splitting of single-celled organisms into two new organisms

Approx equal in size

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5
Q

Examples of organism that use binary fission

A

Amoebae

Bacteria

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6
Q

Spore

A

Single-called reproductive structure from which individual offspring develops

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7
Q

Examples of organisms that produce spores

A

Plants
Algae
Fungi
Some Protozoa

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8
Q

Zoospores

A

Flagellated asexual spore

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9
Q

Examples of organisms that reproduce by zoospores

A

Green algae Chlamydomonas
Ulva
Some fungi and algae

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10
Q

Meristem

A

Area of rapidly reproducing stems
Area of cell-division of unspecialized cells
In tips of roots and shoots that produces new growth in plants

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11
Q

Clone

A

Identical copy of molecule, gene, cell, or entire organism

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12
Q

Budding

A

Asexual reproduction process

Bud forms on organism, grows, and eventually breaks away to become a new organism independent of the parent

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13
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Reproductive process involving two sexes or mating types

Ting in offspring with combination of genes from both parents

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14
Q

Zygospore

A

Single-felled reproductive structure formed in sexual reproduction by some fungi

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15
Q

Zygospores contain

A

Genetic information from two different mating types + and -

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16
Q

Bacterial conjugation

A

Direct transfer of genetic material (DNA) from one bacterial cell to another

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17
Q

Zygote

A

New cell formed by process of fertilization

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18
Q

Pistil

A

Female reproductive organ

Seed-producing part of flower

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19
Q

Stamen

A

Male reproductive organ

Part of flower containing pollen

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20
Q

Ovule

A

Plant part that develops into seed

Contains egg

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21
Q

Pollen tube

A

In a plant, tube that grows from pollen grain toward ovule

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22
Q

Embryo

A

Multi-cellular organism during early development

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23
Q

Cotyledon

A

Seed leaf

Structure in seed that nourishes plant embryo

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24
Q

Self-pollination

A

Pollination of ovule in flower with pollen from same flower

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25
Q

Cross-pollination

A

Pollination of an ovule in flower with pollen from different individual plant

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26
Q

Parts of pistil

A

Stigma
Style
Ovary

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27
Q

Components of stamen

A

Anther

Filament

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28
Q

Produce and store pollen grains containing sperm nuclei

A

Anther

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29
Q

Supported by filaments

A

Anthers

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30
Q

Speed nucleus action

A

Travels down tube an fertilizes one egg

31
Q

Dicotyledons + example

A

Two cotyledons surround embryo in each seed

Blueberry plants

32
Q

Angiosperms

A

Fruit surround developing seeds

Fruit usually develops well around ovary

33
Q

Offspring identical to parent

A

Asexual reproduction

34
Q

Asexual benefits

A

No need to find a mate

Reproduction occurs rapidly

35
Q

What duplicates in binary fission

A

Nucleus
Organelles
Cytoplasm plot into half

36
Q

Plant and animal difference

A

Plants continue to grow through lives

37
Q

Cuttings use

A

Used to produce clones

38
Q

Hydra
Sea sponges
Yeast cells

A

Examples of budding

39
Q

Mexican Whiptail

A

Asexual despite being a mammal
Only has genetic info of mother
Lays eggs

40
Q

Sponge buds

A

May remain attached to parent resulting in colony

41
Q

Hydras

A

Live in water

Small organisms

42
Q

Most organism capable of

A

Both asexual and sexual

43
Q

Bacterial conjugation note

A

Doesn’t result in reproduction

Only results in recombination

44
Q

Antibiotic resistance is heritable/non-heritable

A

Heritable

45
Q

Ferns and Moses reproduce by

A

Spores

46
Q

Reproduce by forming seeds

A

Angiosperms and gymnosperms

47
Q

Angiosperms

A

Flowering plants

Over half of plant species are

48
Q

Gymnosperms

A

Produce seeds inside of cones

Conifers comes from cones

49
Q

Ginkgo trees

A

Shed leaves in autumn
Acc gymnosperms
Last fo ancient group

50
Q

Egg and sperm cell

A

Female and male gametes

51
Q

Zygotes

A

First cell of growing organism

Contains genetic info from both parents

52
Q

Pollen grains contain

A

Sperm nucleus

53
Q

Zygote turn to

A

Multicellular embryo

54
Q

Conditions needed for growth

A

Warmth
Moisture
Oxygen

55
Q

Potatoes

A

Part of tuber
Eyes of potato r acc buds of new plants
Reproduce asexually by growing new shoots from underground stems

56
Q

Tubers

A

Underground stems

57
Q

Runners

A

Special stems from the main plant

58
Q

Spider plant

A

Reproduces asexually

From runners that hang from main stem

59
Q

Strawberries

A

Reproduce asexually

From runners that lie on ground

60
Q

Lilacs

A

Spread by producing suckers

61
Q

Suckers

A

Outgrowths of root or the lower part of stem

62
Q

Life cycle of mosses

A

Alternation of generations
During one portion asexual spores produced
Later part egg and sperm cells produced

63
Q

Mosses extra facts

A

Large numbers of sores produced
Unfavourable temps and dry conditions
Very light

64
Q

Damp ground/spore

A

Spore can develop into moss then swim to egg cells or complete sexual stage or life cycle

65
Q

Requirements for successful fertilization

A 
Gametes must arrive in same place at same time 
Nutrients needed
Moisture 
Sometimes warmth and protection 
Liquid environment
66
Q

Gametes are (negative thing)

A

Delicate

Dry out quickly

67
Q

Many aquatic organisms have fertilization which occurs … while land organisms have -||-

A

Outside of female

Within body of female

68
Q

Negatives of external fertilization

A

Other organisms may eat gametes
Water needed
Water currents may sweep gametes away
Extreme temps, pollutants, lack of O^2 destroy gametes
Large numbers must be produced since most die

69
Q

High rate of successful fertilization

A

Amongst mammals
Conditions suitable
Soren moves directly towards egg
Mature egg cell needed

70
Q

Opossum

A

Gives birth to offspring smaller than honeybee

Must remain in pouch for additional three months

71
Q

Duck-billed platypus + echidna

A

Lonely mammals laying eggs
Young do feed from mother’s milk
Are protected

72
Q

Gastropods

A

Snail and slugs

Most are hermaphrodites

73
Q

Hermaphrodites

A

Each individual has both male and female reproductive organs
Simultaneous hermaphroditism

74
Q

Sequential hermaphroditism

A

Male when younger then female when older

Ensures they are large enough to produce and carry eggs

Science 9 (21 decks)

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