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Brain and Behavior > Unit 3 Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Unit 3 Quiz Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Rabies is a —– caused by a(n) ——
* virus; fecal contact
* parasite; infected bite
* virus; infected bite
* parasite; fecal contact

A

virus, infected bite

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2
Q

The limbic system includes which brain areas?
* hippocampus
* HPA axis
* cranial nerve V
* all of these answers are corret

A

hippocampus

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3
Q

Charlotte has experienced high levels of stress for a period of 12 months, she is like to have a ———–
* dsyregulated eating pattern
* chronic fatigue syndrome
* weakened immune system
* average immune health

A

weakened immune system

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #1

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4
Q

What is the most controversial method of using biomedical science in legal proceedings?
* heart rate variability
* DNA test
* a blood sample
* a polygraph test

A

a polygraph test

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #1

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5
Q

Based on the example from class, which of the following is true?
* humans use very different facial expressions for positive versus negative emotions
* negative emotions are easier to detect than positive emotions
* identifying emotions uses both facial and environmental context clues
* positive emotions are easier to detect than negative emotions

A

identifying emotions uses both facial and environmental context clues

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6
Q

Stress is:
* experienced by nearly everyone
* a physiological response
* all of these answers are correct
* an emotion

A

all of these answers are correct

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7
Q

Chronic stress exposure increases the risk of cardiac arrest or stroke by in several ways. Which of the following is NOT one of these risk factors?
* increased blood pressure
* hypertension
* cholesterol build up
* buildup of amyloid plaques

A

buildup of amyloid plaques

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #1

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8
Q

According to the study discussed in class, study participants:
* lie content was unrelated to the gender of the participant
* lies varied depending on the goal of the participant
* lies varied depending on the age of the participant
* the majority of participants told no lies

A

lies varied depending on the goal of the participant

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9
Q

A polygraph is an undisputedly accurate measure of what?

  • all of these answers are correct
  • whether someone is telling the truth
  • cortisol and adrenaline
  • autonomic nervous system activation
A

autonomic nervous system activation

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #1

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10
Q

Which of the following outcomes is associated with prefrontal lobotomies?
* memory disfunction
* all of these answers are correct
* reduced motivation (apathy)
* blunted emotional expression

A

all of these answers are correct

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT a basic emotion, as defined by the theory of universal facial expressions of emotion?
* anger
* contempt
* embarrassment
* envy

A

envy

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12
Q

Going to the gym and working out is a great way to combat stress, in part because it leads to the release of “feel good” hormones called ——
* endocannabinoids
* GABA
* oxytocin
* endorphins

A

endorphins

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13
Q

The fact that people with amygdalar damage can recognize emotions via auditory stimuli but not visual stimuli suggests that the different brain areas are both responsible for reading emotions. This is an example of what?
* degeneracy
* sensory pruning
* synaptogenesis
* affective blindsight

A

degeneracy

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #1

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14
Q

Fear is one of the core emotions that guide the protagonist in the movie “Inside Out”. What is the process that leads to fear reactions?

  • Emotional Learning
  • Aggression
  • Stress Response
  • Facial Expressions
A

NOT stress response

got this wrong

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15
Q

As Leon opens the door to his apartment after a long day, his roommate suddenly yells at the football game on TV. Leon is startled by the noise and flinches, feeling a surge of fear. Despite occurring simultaneously, Leon’s fear and physiological arousal are distinct experiences, according to the ——- theory.

  • Cannon-Bard
  • James-Lange
  • Schachter-Singer
A

Cannon-Bard

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16
Q

In the movie “Star Wars”, Anakin Skywalker’s transformation into Darth Vader is often seen as a result of his inability to control his anger. What part of the brain normally inhibits rage responses like Anakin’s and how is this related to the concept of a subcortical circuit of emotion?

  • The amygdala normally inhibits rage responses and is part of the subcortical circuit of emotion.
  • The cerebral cortex normally inhibits rage responses and is part of the subcortical circuit of emotion.
  • The hypothalamus normally inhibits rage responses and is not part of the subcortical circuit of emotion.
  • The hippocampus normally inhibits rage responses and is not part of the subcortical circuit of emotion.
A

the cerebral cortex normally inhibits rage responses and is part of the subcortical circuit of emotion

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17
Q

Hannibal Lecter is a psychopath. What are some characteristics of psychopaths and how might these traits be reflected in Hannibal’s brain structure?

  • Psychopaths are often intelligent individuals with superficial charm who have poor self-control, a grandiose sense of self-worth, and little or no feelings of remorse. Imaging studies suggest that Hannibal would have reductions in both the size and activity of the prefrontal cortex.
  • Psychopaths are often individuals with poor intelligence and no charm. Imaging studies suggest that Hannibal would have an enlarged and hyperactive prefrontal cortex.
  • Psychopaths are often intelligent individuals with superficial charm who have excellent self-control, a low sense of self-worth, and strong feelings of remorse. Imaging studies suggest that Hannibal would have reductions in both the size and activity of the prefrontal cortex.
  • Psychopaths are often individuals with high levels of empathy and strong feelings of remorse. Imaging studies suggest that Hannibal would have an enlarged and hyperactive prefrontal cortex.
A

Psychopaths are often intelligent individuals with superficial charm who have poor self-control, a grandiose sense of self-worth, and little or no feelings of remorse. Imaging studies suggest that Hannibal would have reductions in both the size and activity of the prefrontal cortex.

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18
Q

Karlach the barbarian is known for being aggressive and charging into battle. Of the members in her party, she likely has the lowest levels of —- being released in her brain.

  • serotonin
  • dopamine
  • testosterone
  • cortisol
A

serotonin

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19
Q

Ross Geller is often dealing with stress, especially during his multiple divorces. What happens to his immune system during periods of elevated stress, and what is one potential consequence?

  • The immune system is enhanced during periods of elevated stress, leading to slower wound healing.
  • The immune system is suppressed during periods of elevated stress, leading to slower wound healing.
  • The immune system is unaffected by periods of elevated stress, and there is no impact on wound healing.
  • The immune system is enhanced during periods of elevated stress, leading to faster wound healing.
A

the immune system is suppressed during periods of elevated stress, leading to slower wound healing

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20
Q

What is the term for the phenomenon where a little stress early in life seems to make Harry Potter more resilient to stress later in life, and what is a crucial factor for this effect to occur?

  • The phenomenon is called “stress adaptation”, and a crucial factor is that the individual is isolated after each stressful event.
  • The phenomenon is called “stress resilience”, and a crucial factor is that the individual experiences a low level of stress with high comfort.
  • The phenomenon is called “stress inoculation”, and a crucial factor is that the individual experiences a high level of stress without any comfort.
  • The phenomenon is called “stress immunization”, and a crucial factor is that the individual is promptly comforted after each stressful event.
A

The phenomenon is called “stress immunization”, and a crucial factor is that the individual is promptly comforted after each stressful event.

got this wrong on attempt 1, right on attempt 3

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #1

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21
Q

Which of the following is correct regarding the effects of rabies viral infections, as discussed in class?
* infection causes psychological, but not physical changes
* infection can modify the behavior of infected animals, but not in humans
* infection can modify the behavior of infected animals, including humans
* infection causes physical, but not psychological changes

A

infection can modify the behavior of infected animals, including humans

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22
Q

The limbic system includes which brain areas?
* hippocampus, parietal and occipital lobes
* the thalamus, hypothalamus and amygdala
* all of these answers are correct
* the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and Broca’s area

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, and amygdala

got this wrong

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23
Q

The immune system interacts with the — and —- systems.
* nervous, digestive
* sensory, stress
* hormonal, digestive
* hormonal, nervous

A

hormonal, nervous

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24
Q

Superficial facial muscles attach to ——-, whereas deep facial muscles attached to —-
* facial nerve, facial skin
* facial skin, blood
* facial skin, bone
* nerves, facial skin

A

facial skin, bone

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25
Q

Based on the example from class, which of the following is true?
* humans use very different facial expressions for positive versus negative emotions
* negative emotions are easier to detect than positive emotions
* positive emotions are easier to detect than negative emotions
* identifying emotions uses both facial and environmental context clues

A

identifying emotions uses both facial and environmental context clues

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #2

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26
Q

Stress is:
* experienced by nearly everyone
* all of these answers are correct
* an emotion
* a physiological response

A

all of these answers are correct

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #2

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27
Q

Chronic stress exposure increases the risk of cardiac arrest or stroke by in several ways. Which of the following is NOT one of these risk factors?
* hypertension
* increased blood pressure
* cholesterol build up
* buildup of amyloid plaques

A

buildup of amyloid plaques

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28
Q

Training a computer to read microexpressions may eventually allow us to do what?
* measure someone’s stress hormone levels
* treat phobias
* predict who will commit violent crimes in the future
* detect when someone is lying

A

detect when someone is lying

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29
Q

A polygraph is an undisputedly accurate measure of what?

  • autonomic nervous system activation
  • whether someone is telling the truth
  • cortisol and adrenaline
  • all of these answers are correct
A

autonomic nervous system activation

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #2

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30
Q

How do we know that the prefrontal cortex is related to emotion?
* polygraph tests show differences in prefrontal activity during lying
* prefrontal lobotomies lead to decreased emotional expression
* none of these answers are correct
* the prefrontal cortex is not related to emotion

A

prefrontal lobotomies lead to decreased emotional expression

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31
Q

Which of the following is NOT a basic emotion, as defined by the theory of universal facial expressions of emotion?
* envy
* anger
* contempt
* embarrassment

A

envy

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32
Q

Doing things we enjoy - whether it’s watching the Huskers volleyball team kick butt, seeing a play we enjoy at the Lied, or enjoying the fall colors on campus - helps to combat stress by increasing the rewarding effects of —— in the brain.
* GABA
* dopamine
* adrenaline
* cortisol

A

dopamine

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33
Q

The fact that people with amygdalar damage can recognize emotions via auditory stimuli but not visual stimuli suggests that the different brain areas are both responsible for reading emotions. This is an example of what?
* degeneracy
* affective blindsight
* synaptogenesis
* sensory pruning

A

degeneracy

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #2

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34
Q

Neo is hiding somewhere in The Matrix as agents are trying to capture him. If Neo is experiencing extreme stress, which of the following is a physiological correlates he would be exhibiting?

  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Slower breathing
  • Increased heart rate
  • Lower body temperature
A

increased heart rate

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35
Q

As Leon opens the door to his apartment after a long day, his roommate suddenly yells at the football game on TV. Leon is startled by the noise and flinches, feeling a surge of fear. Despite occurring simultaneously, Leon’s fear and physiological arousal are distinct experiences, according to the —– theory.

  • Schachter-Singer
  • Cannon-Bard
  • James-Lange
A

Cannon-Bard

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #2

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36
Q

Remy the rat experiences intense pleasure when he combines flavors while inventing culinary delights. What brain mechanism might be responsible for this pleasurable feeling?

  • The release of dopamine into the nucleus accumbens
  • The release of norepinephrine into the hypothalamus
  • The release of endorphins into the prefrontal cortex
  • The release of serotonin into the amygdala
A

the release of dopamine into the nucleus accumbens

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37
Q

The Undertaker and Shawn Michaels get amped up and ready to wrestle in part, because aggression causes the release of hormones like ___________.

  • dopamine
  • estrogen
  • cortisol
  • testosterone
A

testosterone

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38
Q

Karlach the barbarian is known for being aggressive and charging into battle. Of the members in her party, she likely has the lowest levels of _______ being released in her brain.

  • dopamine
  • cortisol
  • testosterone
  • serotonin
A

serotonin

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39
Q

Bruce Banner’s ‘fight-or-flight’ response is to transform into the Hulk when he’s angry. If Bruce were to take a neuroscience exam, which system would he learn is responsible for preparing his body for action, similar to his transformation into the Hulk?

  • The adrenal medulla, which releases epinephrine and norepinephrine.
  • The parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes rest and digestion.
  • The anterior pituitary, which directly controls muscle growth and green skin pigmentation.
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which releases cortisol and other hormones.
A

The adrenal medulla, which releases epinephrine and norepinephrine.

got this wrong

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40
Q

Paige is a student athlete with an active lifestyle, while her friend Jessica tends to spend most of her time sitting at her desk working on her computer science coding assignments. Which factor would most influence the likelihood of either girl getting sick during the fall semester?

  • Age
  • Genetics
  • Personality
  • Physiology
A

physiology

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41
Q

Based on its symptoms, toxoplasma gondii most likely affects which brain area in rodents?
* nucleus accumbens
* ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
* occipital lobe
* amygdala

A

amygdala

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42
Q

The limbic system includes which brain areas?
* hippocampus, parietal and occipital lobes
* the thalamus, hypothalamus and amygdala
* all of these answers are correct
* the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and Broca’s area

A

the thalamus, hypothalamus and amygdala

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43
Q

A group of participants received an injection of —– to understand whether they experienced a specific emotion. This is known as the ——– experiment.
* norepinephrine, Schacter & Singer
* epinephrine, James-Lange
* epinephrine, Schacter & Singer
* cortisol, James-Lange

A

epinephrine, Schacter & Singer

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44
Q

What is the most controversial method of using biomedical science in legal proceedings?
* a polygraph test
* heart rate variability
* DNA test
* a blood sample

A

a polygraph test

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #3

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45
Q

Based on the example from class, which of the following is true?
* humans use very different facial expressions for positive versus negative emotions
* identifying emotions uses both facial and environmental context clues
* positive emotions are easier to detect than negative emotions
* negative emotions are easier to detect than positive emotions

A

identifying emotions uses both facial and environmental context clues

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46
Q

Which of the following neurochemicals are NOT released during HPA axis activation?
* All of the above are released during HPA activation
* Adrenaline stimulating factor (ASF)
* Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
* Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)

A

Adrenaline stimulating factor (ASF)

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47
Q

Chronic stress exposure increases the risk of cardiac arrest or stroke by in several ways. Which of the following is NOT one of these risk factors?
* cholesterol build up
* buildup of amyloid plaques
* hypertension
* increased blood pressure

A

buildup of amyloid plaques

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48
Q

According to the study discussed in class, study participants:
* the majority of participants told no lies
* lie content was unrelated to the gender of the participant
* lies varied depending on the goal of the participant
* lies varied depending on the age of the participant

A

lies varied depending on the goal of the participant

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49
Q

A polygraph is an undisputedly accurate measure of what?

  • whether someone is telling the truth
  • all of these answers are correct
  • autonomic nervous system activation
  • cortisol and adrenaline
A

autonomic nervous system activation

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #3

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50
Q

Which of the following outcomes is associated with prefrontal lobotomies?
* reduced motivation (apathy)
* blunted emotional expression
* all of these answers are correct
* memory disfunction

A

all of these answers are correct

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51
Q

Which of the following is NOT a basic emotion, as defined by the theory of universal facial expressions of emotion?
* embarassment
* contempt
* happiness
* hate

A

hate

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52
Q

Cuddling with her loved one helps Selena Gomez reduce stress in part, because it causes the release of hormones like ——–
* endocannabinoids
* cortisol
* glutamate
* oxytocin

A

oxytocin

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #3

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53
Q

The fact that people with amygdalar damage can recognize emotions via auditory stimuli but not visual stimuli suggests that the different brain areas are both responsible for reading emotions. This is an example of what?
* synaptogenesis
* affective blindsight
* degeneracy
* sensory pruning

A

degeneracy

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #3

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54
Q

Amelia is backstage about to perform her senior piano recital. As she waits to go out into the spotlight, she notices her heart is racing and her palms are sweaty. Amy interprets her physical symptoms as a sign of excitement rather than fear because she always feels this way before a big performance. In this situation, the ________ theory suggests that Amelia’s emotional experience is shaped not only by her physiological arousal but also by her cognitive interpretation of the situation.

  • Schachter-Singer
  • James-Lange
  • Cannon-Bard
A

Schachter-Singer

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55
Q

Batman’s arch nemesis, the Joker, often forces a smile on his face. What is the hypothesis that suggests sensory feedback from our facial expressions can affect our mood, and what is the implication for the Joker?

  • The James-Lange Theory; forcing yourself to frown may actually help you feel happier.
  • The James-Lange Theory; forcing yourself to smile may actually help you feel happier.
  • The Facial Feedback Hypothesis; forcing yourself to smile may actually help you feel happier.
  • The Facial Feedback Hypothesis; forcing yourself to frown may actually help you feel happier.
A

The Facial Feedback Hypothesis; forcing yourself to smile may actually help you feel happier.

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56
Q

The planet has been overrun by apes exhibiting complex emotional behaviors and wanting to rule the world. To stop the Great Ape War from happening, scientists decide to make the apes all docile by interfering with their limbic system. What role does the limbic system play in emotional regulation, particularly in relation to the Klüver-Bucy syndrome?

  • It mediates facial expressions
  • It enhances memory and attention
  • It causes drastic behavioral changes post-temporal lobe removal
  • It reduces activity when contemplating romantic partners
A

It causes drastic behavioral changes post-temporal lobe removal

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57
Q

The Undertaker and Shawn Michaels get amped up and ready to wrestle in part, because aggression causes the release of hormones like ___________.

  • testosterone
  • estrogen
  • cortisol
  • dopamine
A

testosterone

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58
Q

In the “Game of Thrones” series, characters like Khal Drogo and The Mountain are known for their aggressive behavior. What is the relationship between testosterone and aggression, and what are the confounding variables?

  • Testosterone increases aggression, and the confounding variables are experience and dominance.
  • Testosterone decreases aggression, and the confounding variables are experience and dominance.
  • Testosterone directly causes aggression, and there are no confounding variables.
  • Testosterone has no effect on aggression, and there are no confounding variables.
A

Testosterone increases aggression, and the confounding variables are experience and dominance.

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59
Q

Bruce Banner’s ‘fight-or-flight’ response is to transform into the Hulk when he’s angry. If Bruce were to take a neuroscience exam, which system would he learn is responsible for preparing his body for action, similar to his transformation into the Hulk?

  • The parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes rest and digestion.
  • The anterior pituitary, which directly controls muscle growth and green skin pigmentation.
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which releases cortisol and other hormones.
  • The adrenal medulla, which releases epinephrine and norepinephrine.
A

The adrenal medulla, which releases epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #3

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60
Q

What is the term for the phenomenon where a little stress early in life seems to make Harry Potter more resilient to stress later in life, and what is a crucial factor for this effect to occur?

  • The phenomenon is called “stress immunization”, and a crucial factor is that the individual is promptly comforted after each stressful event.
  • The phenomenon is called “stress resilience”, and a crucial factor is that the individual experiences a low level of stress with high comfort.
  • The phenomenon is called “stress adaptation”, and a crucial factor is that the individual is isolated after each stressful event.
  • The phenomenon is called “stress inoculation”, and a crucial factor is that the individual experiences a high level of stress without any comfort.
A

The phenomenon is called “stress immunization”, and a crucial factor is that the individual is promptly comforted after each stressful event.

Emotions Quiz - Attempt #3

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61
Q

For a tricyclic antidepressant drug, the term “tricyclic” refers to
* none of these answers is correct
* the number of neurotransmitters it is an agonist for
* the number of compounds originally discovered in this class of drugs
* the similarity of the drug to the first three existing antipsychotics

A

none of these answers is correct

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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62
Q

Seeing bugs that are not real would be an example of ——- while hearing voices that are not real is a type of —-
* hallucination; delusion
* hallucination; hallucination
* delusion; delusion
* delusion; hallucination

A

hallucination; hallucination

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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63
Q

Which of the following is correct, in regards to the causes of schizophrenia?
* increased glutamate results in increased dopamine
* decreased glutamate leads to increased dopamine
* decreased dopamine results in decreased glutamate
* decreased dopamine results in increased glutamate

A

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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64
Q

Which of the following are common symptoms of major depressive disorder:
* suicidal ideation
* weight loss
* all of these answers are correct
* weight gain

A

all of these answers are correct

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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65
Q

SSRIs work to as a —- in the brain.
* cortisol antagonist
* serotonin agonist
* serotonin antagonist
* cortisol agonist

A

serotonin agonist

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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66
Q

John’s parents describe him as highly irritable, tired, and often tense. He is constantly worrying even though there is nothing happening in his current environment to explain this. These symptoms have gotten much worse, particularly in the last two months. What is John most likely experiencing?
* phobic disorder
* generalized anxiety disorder
* panic disorder
* depression

A

generalized anxiety disorder

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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67
Q

Sarah has a history of adverse childhood experiences, while Nick does not. If both these individuals are exposed to a traumatic event which of the following statements is supported, based on the research evidence discussed in class?
* Sarah and Nick are equally likely to develop PTSD
* none of these answers is correct
* Sarah is more likely than Nick to develop PTSD
* Sarah is less likely than Nick to develop PTSD

A

Sarah is more likely than Nick to develop PTSD

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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68
Q

Frequency thoughts about germs are an example of a(n) —– where as counting is an example of a(n) ——
* obsessions, compulsions
* compulsions, obsessions,
* worry, maladaptive behaviors
* intrusions, maladaptive behaviors

A

obsessions, compulsions

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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69
Q

Exposure to glutamate inhibiting drugs would be MOST likely to cause psychotic symptoms in which group?
* none of these answers is correct
* geriatric adults
* college age students
* elementary aged children

A

college age students

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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70
Q

Which of the following statements is accurate?
* all of these answers are correct
* atypical antipsychotics may help symptoms in both bipolar and schizophrenic disorders
* bipolar disorder is more similar to schizophrenia than depression
* manic phase of bipolar disorder may resemble schizophrenic delusions

A

all of these answers are correct

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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71
Q

Electroconvulsive shock therapy:
* is used for treatment resistant depression
* is used to treat phobias
* is no longer used for treatment
* is used to treat some cancers, but is no longer used for mental disorders

A

is used for treatment resistant depression

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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72
Q

Research shows that the prevalence of schizophrenia is —-in the immediate family members of individuals with the disorder compared to those who are more distantly related.
* greater
* equal
* none of these answers is correct
* lower

A

greater

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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73
Q

Which of the follow does NOT act as a monoamine agonist?
* SSRIs
* SNRIs
* butyrophenone antipsychotics
* tricyclics

A

butyrophenone antipsychotics

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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74
Q

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing schizophrenia?
* all of these answers are correct
* living in a larger city
* low birth weight
* genetic heritability

A

all of these answers are correct

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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75
Q

What drug is used to potentially prevent PTSD?
* antipsychotics
* alcohol
* lithium
* beta blockers

A

beta blockers

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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76
Q

Iron Man is giving a public speech about the importance of mental health awareness. He mentions that a certain psychiatric disorder tends to appear in adolescence and young adulthood, and it affects a significant percent of the population worldwide. Which disorder is Iron Man most likely referring to?

  • Alcoholism
  • Paralytic dementia
  • Depression
  • Schizophrenia
A

schizophrenia

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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77
Q

Actor Jim Carrey has been open about his use of Prozac (an SSRI) to manage his depression. According to the text, how do SSRIs work?

  • They inhibit the reuptake of monoamines
  • They decrease synaptic serotonin levels
  • They increase synaptic serotonin levels
  • They induce large-scale seizures
A

they increase synaptic serotonin levels

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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78
Q

Bo Burnham starts seeing a therapist for his depression. His therapist works with him to take steps towards changing his negative thoughts, low mood, and isolating behavior. Which type of psychotherapy are they using?

  • Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
  • Art Therapy
  • Exposure Therapy
A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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79
Q

In the TV show “Friends”, Monica Geller is known for her cleanliness and orderliness. If her behaviors were to cross into pathology, she might be diagnosed with:

  • Generalized anxiety disorder
  • Panic disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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80
Q

In the TV show “Monk”, the main character, Adrian Monk, exhibits symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). According to the text, which of the following treatments might be effective for his condition?

  • Deep brain stimulation
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy
  • All of the above
  • Frontal lobotomy
A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #1

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81
Q

For a tricyclic antidepressant drug, the term “tricyclic” refers to
* the number of neurotransmitters it is an agonist for
* none of these answers is correct
* the similarity of the drug to the first three existing antipsychotics
* the number of compounds originally discovered in this class of drugs

A

none of these answers is correct

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

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82
Q

Which of the following is correct, in regards to the causes of schizophrenia?
* decreased glutamate leads to increased dopamine
* increased glutamate results in increased dopamine
* decreased dopamine results in decreased glutamate
* decreased dopamine results in increased glutamate

A

decreased glutamate leads to increased dopamine

2Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

83
Q

—– is associated with reduced dopamine activity, whereas —— appears to be caused by overproduction of the same neurotransmitter.
* schizophrenia; Alzheimer’s
* schizophrenia; Parkinson’s
* Alzheimer’s; Parkinson’s
* Parkinson’s; schizophrenia

A

Parkinson’s; schizophrenia

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

84
Q

Which of the following are common symptoms of major depressive disorder:
* weight gain
* all of these answers are correct
* weight loss
* suicidal ideation

A

all of these answers are correct

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

85
Q

Studies have evidence that people with depression exhibit — activation in the — when interpreting emotions.
* decreased, prefrontal cortex
* increased, amygdala
* none of these answers are correct
* decreased, amygdala

A

increased, amygdala

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

86
Q

Individuals are often diagnosed with more than one mental disorder; for example anxiety and depression. These are known as — diagnoses.
* comorbid
* generically predisposed
* additive
* hereditary

A

comorbid

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

87
Q

What pattern of activity in someone with an untreated anxiety disorder exposed to a stressful situation is likely to occur?
* lower activity in the hippocampus
* lower activity in the amygdala
* higher activity in the amygdala
* higher activity in the hippocampus

A

higher activity in the amygdala

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

88
Q

Frequency thoughts about germs are an example of a(n) — where as counting is an example of a(n) —-
* obsessions, compulsions
* intrusions, maladaptive behaviors
* compulsions, obsessions,
* worry, maladaptive behaviors

A

obsessions, compulsions

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

89
Q

Exposure to glutamate inhibiting drugs would be LEAST likely to cause psychotic symptoms in which group?
* none of these answers is correct
* elementary aged children
* college age students
* geriatric adults

A

elementary aged children

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

90
Q

Which of the following statements is accurate?
* bipolar disorder is more similar to schizophrenia than depression
* atypical antipsychotics may help symptoms in both bipolar and schizophrenic disorders
* all of these answers are correct
* manic phase of bipolar disorder may resemble schizophrenic delusions

A

all of these answers are correct

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

91
Q

According to the textbook, traditional neuroleptics may lead to
* neuroleptic ataxia
* ataxic dyskinesia
* tardive dyskinesia
* neurogenic ataxia

A

tardive dyskinesia

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

92
Q

Which of the following statements is correct about depression?

  • there is no heritability component
  • it is caused by a single gene mutation
  • none of these answers is correct
  • susceptibility to the disorder cannot be inherited
A

none of these answers is correct

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

93
Q

Which of the follow does NOT act as a monoamine agonist?
* SNRIs
* butyrophenone antipsychotics
* tricyclics
* SSRIs

A

butyrophenone antipsychotics

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

94
Q

Brain scans of a patient with schizophrenia would likely show what anatomical differences?
* smaller cerebral ventricles
* more gray matter
* a larger corpus callosum
* none of these answers are correct

A

none of these answers are correct

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

95
Q

Which of the following is a NEWLY APPROVED treatment for depression?
* LSD
* psilocybin
* ketamine (esketamine)
* ECT

A

ketamine (esketamine)

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

96
Q

If the Jonas Brothers, a famous band of siblings, were found to carry a mutant version of the DISC1 gene, how might this influence their risk of developing schizophrenia?

  • The text does not provide enough information to determine this
  • Their risk would remain the same
  • Their risk would increase
  • Their risk would decrease
A

Their risk would increase

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

97
Q

In the hit TV show “This Is Us,” the character Randall experiences periods of severe anxiety and depression. If Randall were to seek treatment, which of the following might be most effective according to the text?

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy alone
  • Both SSRIs and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy together
  • SSRIs alone
  • Deep brain stimulation
A

Both SSRIs and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy together

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

98
Q

Bo Burnham starts seeing a therapist for his depression. His therapist works with him to take steps towards changing his negative thoughts, low mood, and isolating behavior. Which type of psychotherapy are they using?

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
  • Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
  • Art Therapy
  • Exposure Therapy
A

CBT

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

99
Q

In the TV show “Friends”, Monica Geller is known for her cleanliness and orderliness. If her behaviors were to cross into pathology, she might be diagnosed with:

  • Panic disorder
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
  • Generalized anxiety disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder
A

OCD

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

100
Q

The development of new drugs has led to advancements in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Which of the following drugs is NOT commonly used to treat anxiety disorders?

  • Xanax
  • Lexapro
  • Valium
  • Haloperidol
A

NOT lexapro, need to look up but I think it’s haloperidol

got this wrong

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #2

101
Q

For a tricyclic antidepressant drug, the term “tricyclic” refers to:
* the number of neurotransmitters it is an agonist for
* the number of times a day the drug is taken.
* none of these answers is correct
* the type of synapse the drug acts on

A

none of these answers is correct

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

102
Q

After abusing amphetamines for an extended period of time, users frequently develop a tolerance. This means that they require larger doses to experience the desired drug effect. What side effect may also occur?
* drug-induced parkinsonism
* substance-induced psychotic disorder
* dopamine withdrawal syndrome
* drug-induced synesthesia

A

substance-induced psychotic disorder

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

103
Q

Which of the following is correct, in regards to the causes of schizophrenia?
* decreased dopamine results in decreased glutamate
* increased glutamate results in increased dopamine
* decreased dopamine results in increased glutamate
* decreased glutamate leads to increased dopamine

A

decreased glutamate leads to increased dopamine

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

104
Q

Sarah has a history of adverse childhood experiences, while Nick does not. If both these individuals are exposed to a traumatic event which of the following statements is supported, based on the research evidence discussed in class?
* Sarah is more likely than Nick to develop PTSD
* Sarah is less likely than Nick to develop PTSD
* Sarah and Nick are equally likely to develop PTSD
* none of these answers is correct

A

Sarah is more likely than Nick to develop PTSD

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

105
Q

—- is one of the most well-evidenced treatments for depression.
* talk therapy
* interpersonal therapy
* psychodynamic therapy
* cognitive behavioral therapy

A

cognitive behavioral therapy

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

106
Q

SSRIs work to as a —- in the brain.
* cortisol agonist
* cortisol antagonist
* serotonin agonist
* serotonin antagonist

A

serotonin agonist

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

107
Q

Preventing the physical symptoms of anxiety as a way to treat panic disorders usually involves treatment with what?
* beta blockers
* barbiturates
* SSRIs
* benzodiazepines

A

beta blockers

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

108
Q

The amygdala receives information about sensory stimuli from which brain region?
* thalamus
* all of these answers are correct
* prefrontal cortex
* hippocampus

A

all of these answers are correct

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

109
Q

Exposure to glutamate inhibiting drugs would be MOST likely to cause psychotic symptoms in which group?
* geriatric adults
* college age students
* elementary aged children
* none of these answers is correct

A

college age students

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

110
Q

Lesioning the —- is one technique used to create an animal model of depression.
* olfactory bulb
* testicles
* occipital lobe
* amygdala

A

Olfactory lobe

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

111
Q

Which of the following is NOT a treatment for depression?
* electroconvulsive therapy
* vagal nerve stimulation
* cognitive behavioral therapy
* dissociative anesthetics

A

vagal nerve stimulation

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

112
Q

Research shows that the prevalence of schizophrenia is —– in the immediate family members of individuals with the disorder compared to those who are more distantly related.
* equal
* lower
* none of these answers is correct
* greater

A

greater

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

113
Q

Which of the following is a monoamine antagonist?
* SNRIs
* barbiturates
* SSRIs
* none of these answers are correct

A

none of these answers is correct

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

114
Q

Brain scans of a patient with schizophrenia would likely show what anatomical differences?
* smaller cerebral ventricles
* a larger corpus callosum
* none of these answers are correct
* more gray matter

A

none of these answers are correct

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

115
Q

According to the study discussed in class one of the most commonly reported fears and phobias is
* heights
* failure
* storms
* clowns

A

heights

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

116
Q

Greg has been living with schizophrenia for the past 20 years and has decided to enroll in a cognitive neuroscience study involving MRI scans. When the researchers take images of his brain, which of the following areas will likely NOT be different from healthy participants?

  • Corpus callosum
  • Cerebral ventricles
  • Frontal lobe
  • Temporal lobe
A

temporal lobe

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

117
Q

Pop star Demi Lovato has been open about her struggles with bipolar disorder. Based on the text, which of the following treatments might be used to manage her condition?

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
  • Lithium
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  • Deep brain stimulation
A

Lithium

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

118
Q

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have reported increased feelings of depression. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a symptom of clinical depression?

  • Loss of interests
  • Increased energy
  • Sleep changes
  • Low mood
A

Increased energy

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

119
Q

The recent legalization of cannabis in several countries has sparked debates about its potential use in treating various conditions. How have substances like cannabis been historically used in relation to anxiety?

  • To increase anxiety
  • None of the above
  • To diagnose anxiety disorders
  • To control anxiety
A

to control anxiety

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

120
Q

In the movie “Silver Linings Playbook”, Bradley Cooper’s character takes medication to manage his mental health. If he were taking benzodiazepines for anxiety, what would be the primary effect of these drugs on his neurotransmitter systems?

  • They increase the release of dopamine.
  • They decrease the reuptake of serotonin.
  • They boost GABA-mediated postsynaptic inhibition.
  • They block the receptors for norepinephrine.
A

They boost GABA-mediated postsynaptic inhibition.

Psychopathology Quiz - Attempt #3

121
Q

When trying to learn new information, using the method of loci activates the —- in addition to the “usual” memory regions of the brain.

  • brain stem and occipital lobes
  • parietal and occipital lobes
  • occipital and frontal lobes
  • cerebellum and parietal lobes
A

parietal and occipital lobes

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

122
Q

Which of the following is an example of a declarative memory?
* The mirror-tracing task
* Riding a bike
* All of these are examples of declarative memories
* Reciting your telephone number

A

Reciting your telephone number

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

123
Q

Kevin’s boyfriend asks him to grab a soda from the kitchen. As soon as Kevin enters the kitchen he forgets why he walked in. In this instance Kevin failed to —– his boyfriend’s request.
* remember
* all of these answers are correct
* recall
* encode

A

NOT recall; got this wrong

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

124
Q

Increasing glutamate in the hippocampus would likely result in which of the following effects?
* decreased NMDA receptor activity
* increased likelihood of LTP
* increased likelihood of LTD
* decreased AMPA receptor activity

A

increased likelihood of LTP

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

125
Q

Which is NOT one of the actions that result in a synapse becoming enhanced?
* magnesium block is removed from NMDA channel
* increased sodium enters the cell
* increased number of AMPA receptors in the synapse
* retrograde signals reduce the amount of glutamate released into the synapse

A

retrograde signals reduce the amount of glutamate released into the synapse

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

126
Q

Being able to recite your childhood address from memory is strongly associated with which part of the brain?
* temporal lobe
* none of these answers is correct
* cerebellum
* amygdala

A

temporal lobe

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

127
Q

LTP depends on the
—— and ——-
receptors.

When —– binds to the AMPA receptors it opens the ion channel and allows
—— to enter the cell.

At the same time,
—— binds to the nearby
—– receptors however, because these channels are blocked by a magnesium ion, the channels —–.

Once these channels become unblocked, ions are able to pass through.

At this point, calcium interacts with CAMKII to ——-.
.
This may also lead to the release of retrograde signals like nitric oxide, which results in greater neurotransmitter release by
——–. .

This process results in ——-, which is an important mechanism for ——–.
.

A

LTP depends on the
AMPA and NDMA
receptors.

When glutamate binds to the AMPA receptors it opens the ion channel and allows
sodium to enter the cell.

At the same time,
glutamate binds to the nearby
NDMA receptors however, because these channels are blocked by a magnesium ion, the channels do not open.

Once these channels become unblocked, ions are able to pass through.

At this point, calcium interacts with CAMKII to move more AMPA receptor channels to the surface of the cell
.
This may also lead to the release of retrograde signals like nitric oxide, which results in greater neurotransmitter release by
presynaptic cell

This process results in long-term potentiation which is an important mechanism for long-term memory.
.

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

128
Q

The more Jane Goodall is exposed to spiders, the less afraid she becomes. This is because — of the fear response has occurred.
* none of the answers are correct
* habituation
* behavioral adaption
* classical conditioning

A

habituation

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

129
Q

Which of the following negatively impacts LTP?
* NMDA receptor agonists
* exercise
* glutamate agonists
* NMDA receptor antagonists

A

NMDA receptor antagonists

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

130
Q

Which of the following is correct, regarding the conditioned eye blink response, as discussed in class?
* the air puff is the conditioned stimulus
* the air puff is the unconditioned stimulus
* the tone is the conditioned response
* the tone is the unconditioned stimulus

A

the air puff is the unconditioned stimulus

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

131
Q

Which of the following statements is correct, regarding memory in the brain?
* the hypothalamus is the location of long term memory storage
* the hippocampus is not related to memory
* the hippocampus is the location of long term memory storage in the brain
* none of these answers is correct

A

none of these answers is correct

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

132
Q

In the 2023 Berlin Olympics, suppose an athlete suffered a head injury. Post-recovery, they could still perform their sport (a nonverbal task) but struggled with verbal tasks. This scenario is most similar to which type of memory impairment?

  • Nondeclarative memory impairment
  • Episodic memory impairment
  • Semantic memory impairment
  • Declarative memory impairment
A

NOT semantic mem impair

got this wrong

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

133
Q

In the TV show “Breaking Bad,” Walter White uses his knowledge of chemistry to solve problems. This type of problem-solving is most similar to which type of skill learning?

  • Cognitive skills
  • Sensorimotor skills
  • Perceptual skills
  • Associative learning
A

Cognitive skills

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

134
Q

In the Star Wars universe, Jedi are known for their quick reflexes. If a Jedi padawan were to undergo conditioning by a Jedi knight, how would the neural circuit of the eye-blink reflex change after conditioning?

  • The occurrence of the CS would have a reduced effect on the cerebellar neurons
  • The occurrence of the CS would have an enhanced effect on the cerebellar neurons
  • The cerebellar neurons would stop responding to the CS
  • The cerebellar neurons would only respond to the US
A

The occurrence of the CS would have an enhanced effect on the cerebellar neurons

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

135
Q

In the movie “Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind,” characters can choose to have specific memories erased. This process might involve which of the following changes in the brain?

  • Increase in the number of AMPA receptors
  • Increase in the amount of glutamate released
  • Decrease in the number of NMDA receptors
  • Changes in the strength of synaptic connections
A

NOT decrease in number of NMDA receptors

got this wrong

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

136
Q

Who would be MOST likely to report experiencing déjà vu?

  • Richie, a six year old boy who is very sedentary and spends most of his time playing video games
  • Michelle, a college student who is stressed and tired from finals
  • Kimmy, a 5 year old who is very physically active
  • all of these; everyone experiences déjà vu
A

Michelle, a college student who is stressed and tired from finals

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #1

137
Q

How did we review the positive symptoms of schizophrenia in lecture?

  • using forced fragmentation
  • none of these answers are correct
  • using the method of loci
  • using the DRM paradigm
A

using the method of loci

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

138
Q

Which of the following is an example of a non-declarative memory activity?
* All of these are examples of non-declarative memory activities
* The mirror-tracing task
* Texting without looking at your phone
* Writing in cursive

A

All of these are examples of non-declarative memory activities

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

139
Q

Ashley’s friend asks her where she put her laptop. Ashely is not able to remember, so she comes up with an excuse. This is referred to as —-
* confabulation
* illusory deception
* autobiographical rewrite
* episodic failure

A

confabulation

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

140
Q

Increasing glutamate in the hippocampus would likely result in which of the following effects?
* decreased AMPA receptor activity
* decreased NMDA receptor activity
* increased likelihood of LTD
* increased likelihood of LTP

A

increased likelihood of LTP

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

141
Q

Which is NOT one of the actions that result in a synapse becoming enhanced?
* increased number of AMPA receptors in the synapse
* increased sodium enters the cell
* retrograde signals reduce the amount of glutamate released into the synapse
* magnesium block is removed from NMDA channel

A

retrograde signals reduce the amount of glutamate released into the synapse

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

142
Q

Being able to recite your childhood address from memory is strongly associated with which part of the brain?
* amygdala
* none of these answers is correct
* temporal lobe
* cerebellum

A

temporal lobe

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

143
Q

What type of cell fires in the hippocampus when an animal is in a specific location?
* GPS neuron
* place cell
* postsynaptic cell
* mirror neuron

A

place cell

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

144
Q

Which of the following would likely disrupt the formation of a classically conditioned response, like blinking when hearing a tone?
* a single, low dose of alcohol during learning
* all of these answers are correct
* a daily, low dose of alcohol for one week after learning
* a single, high dose of alcohol during learning

A

a single, high dose of alcohol during learning

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

145
Q

Which statement is correct?
* LTP is only effective in spatial learning
* LTP is unrelated to learning
* none of these answers is correct
* LTP is only effective in classical conditioning

A

none of these answers is correct

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

146
Q

Damage to the cortex would likely disrupt which type of memory?
* priming
* all of these answers are correct
* episodic
* semantic

A

all of these answers are correct

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

147
Q

In the TV show “Westworld,” hosts can have their memories wiped clean. This process is most similar to the damage in which brain regions that cause amnesia?

  • Parietal lobe and occipital lobe
  • Frontal lobe and parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe and cerebellum
  • Medial temporal lobe and medial diencephalon
A

Medial temporal lobe and medial diencephalon

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

148
Q

In the movie “Memento,” the protagonist suffers from anterograde amnesia and uses tattoos and notes to remember information. This use of external aids is most similar to which stage of memory?
* Retrieval
* Encoding
* Rehearsal
* Consolidation

A

NOT rehearsal

got this wrong

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

149
Q

In the Star Wars universe, Jedi are known for their quick reflexes. If a Jedi padawan were to undergo conditioning by a Jedi knight, how would the neural circuit of the eye-blink reflex change after conditioning?

  • The occurrence of the CS would have an enhanced effect on the cerebellar neurons
  • The occurrence of the CS would have a reduced effect on the cerebellar neurons
  • The cerebellar neurons would only respond to the US
  • The cerebellar neurons would stop responding to the CS
A

The occurrence of the CS would have an enhanced effect on the cerebellar neurons

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

150
Q

In the movie “Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind,” characters can choose to have specific memories erased. This process might involve which of the following changes in the brain?

  • Changes in the strength of synaptic connections
  • Decrease in the number of NMDA receptors
  • Increase in the number of AMPA receptors
  • Increase in the amount of glutamate released
A

Changes in the strength of synaptic connections

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

151
Q

Who would be MOST likely to report experiencing déjà vu?

  • all of these; everyone experiences déjà vu
  • Michelle, a college student who is stressed and tired from finals
  • Richie, a six year old boy who is very sedentary and spends most of his time playing video games
  • Kimmy, a 5 year old who is very physically active
A

Michelle, a college student who is stressed and tired from finals

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #2

152
Q

How did we review the positive symptoms of schizophrenia in lecture?

  • using the method of loci
  • none of these answers are correct
  • using forced fragmentation
  • using the DRM paradigm
A

using the method of loci

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

153
Q

Ryan had a large object drop on his head and the imaging report showed significant impairment to his cerebellum. Which of the following types of memory-related tasks would he probably struggle with?
* Knowing the capital of France
* Developing a classically conditioned salivation response to the smell of fresh baked cookies
* Telling a story about his childhood
* Learning a new language

A

Developing a classically conditioned salivation response to the smell of fresh baked cookies

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

154
Q

Ashley’s friend asks her where she put her laptop. Ashely is not able to remember, so she comes up with an excuse. This is referred to as —–
* autobiographical rewrite
* confabulation
* illusory deception
* episodic failure

A

confabulation

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

155
Q

Increasing the number of NMDA receptors in mice leads to what?
* mice with faster spatial learning
* mice with chronic pain symptoms
* all of these answers are correct
* mice with increased LTP

A

all of these answers are correct

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

156
Q

Which is NOT one of the actions that result in a synapse becoming enhanced?
* increased number of AMPA receptors in the synapse
* retrograde signals reduce the amount of glutamate released into the synapse
* magnesium block is removed from NMDA channel
* increased sodium enters the cell

A

retrograde signals reduce the amount of glutamate released into the synapse

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

157
Q

What you’re doing right now - using deliberate recall of previously learned information to complete this exam is an example of what type of memory?
* hippocampal
* declarative
* factual
* procedural

A

declarative

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

158
Q

LTP involves AMPA and NMDA receptors often found
—–.

When — binds to the AMPA receptors it allows — to enter the cell.

Some neurotransmitter also binds to the nearby —- receptors however, these channels are ——

At this point in the process the —- (a positive, local change in membrane potential) is entirely controlled by the AMPA receptors.

If both ion channels become activated and open,——- enters the cell via the NMDA receptor channels.

This ion causes an — to be activated, moving additional receptors to the membrane of the —, and this whole process results in —-.

A

LTP involves AMPA and NMDA receptors often found
in the same synapse.

When glutamate binds to the AMPA receptors it allows sodium to enter the cell.

Some neurotransmitter also binds to the nearby NMDA receptors however, these channels are blocked by a magnesium ion.

At this point in the process the EPSP (a positive, local change in membrane potential) is entirely controlled by the AMPA receptors.

If both ion channels become activated and open, calcium enters the cell via the NMDA receptor channels.

This ion causes an intracellular signalling cascade to be activated, moving additional receptors to the membrane of the post synaptic cell, and this whole process results in long-term potentiation

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

159
Q

Which processes are part of the memory stages?
* encoding, rehearsal
* working memory, perception
* perception, retrieval
* encoding, practicing

A

encoding, rehearsal

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

160
Q

Which statement is correct?
* none of these answers is correct
* LTP is only effective in classical conditioning
* LTP is unrelated to learning
* LTP is only effective in spatial learning

A

none of these answers is correct

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

161
Q

According to lecture…
* the memory disrupting effects of THC are permanent
* the memory disrupting effects of THC are not seen in teen users
* the memory disrupting effects of THC may be modified by other drugs
* none of these answers is correct

A

the memory disrupting effects of THC may be modified by other drugs

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

162
Q

Which of the following statements is correct, regarding memory in the brain?
* none of these answers is correct
* the hypothalamus is the location of long term memory storage
* the hippocampus is the location of long term memory storage in the brain
* the hippocampus is not related to memory

A

none of these answers is correct

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

163
Q

In the movie “Finding Dory,” Dory has a short-term memory problem. This is most similar to which type of memory that was normal for Henry Molaison?

  • Long-term memory
  • Procedural memory
  • Short-term memory
  • Episodic memory
A

NOT procedural memory

got this wrong

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

164
Q

Video games utilizing virtual reality have increased in the past few years, with players learning new skills in a digital environment. According to the text, which brain region is NOT involved in this type of skill learning?

  • Cerebellum
  • Basal ganglia
  • Motor cortex
  • Frontal cortex
A

Frontal cortex

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

165
Q

In the movie “Inception,” characters manipulate their dreams to plant an idea in someone’s mind. This manipulation of information is most similar to which concept in memory formation?

  • Habituation
  • Classical conditioning
  • Changes in synaptic structure or function
  • Environmental enrichment
A

NOT habituation

got this wrong

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

166
Q

In the movie “Inside Out,” characters represent different emotions in a girl’s mind. If these characters could influence her memory formation, they might do so by affecting which of the following?

  • The strength of synaptic connections
  • The sensitivity of NMDA receptors
  • The number of AMPA receptors
  • The inactivation of the transmitter
A

NOT inactivation of the transmitter

got this wrong

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

167
Q

Déjà vu:

  • is likely caused by miscommunication between the temporal and frontal lobes
  • may be more common in those with temporal lobe epilepsy
  • does not generally occur before age 8
  • all of these answers are correct
A

all of these answers are correct

Learning & Memory Quiz - Attempt #3

168
Q

Match treatment type to its target.

Tricyclics (eg Desipramine, Amoxapine)

options are agonist or antagonist for: dopamine, GABA, serotonin, serotonin & norepinephrine, (probably others, unable to see options)

A

serotonin and norepinephrine agonist

Pharmacological Interventions Learning Check

169
Q

Match treatment type to its target.

SSRIs (eg Lexapro, Prozac, Zoloft)

A

serotonin agonist

Pharmacological Interventions Learning Check

170
Q

Match treatment type to its target.

Barbiturates (eg Xanax)

A

GABA agonists

Pharmacological Interventions Learning Check

171
Q

Match treatment type to its target.

Butyrophenone Antipsychotics (eg Haloperidol)

A

dopamine antagonist

Pharmacological Interventions Learning Check

172
Q

Match treatment type to its target.

SNRIs (eg Cymbalta, Effector)

A

serotonin and norepinephrine agonist

Pharmacological Interventions Learning Check

173
Q

behavior that promotes learning, reduces stress, increasing endorphins

A

exercise

Unit 3 Crossword

174
Q

important to activate this system after a stressor (like an exam)

A

parasympathetic

Unit 3 Crossword

175
Q

classical conditioning relies on ——– synapses via LTP

A

enhanced

Unit 3 Crossword

176
Q

drug that can cause symptoms similar to schizophrenia (abbreviated)

A

PCP

Unit 3 Crossword

177
Q

Left hemipshere controls right side of body, —– representation

A

contralateral

Unit 3 Crossword

178
Q

used to “turn off” brain areas without a magnet (do not try this at home!)

A

TMS

Unit 3 Crossword

179
Q

fear without a specific cause

A

anxiety

Unit 3 Crossword

180
Q

in Pavlov’s famous study, the tone was the conditioned —-

A

stimulus

Unit 3 Crossword

181
Q

LTP can’t happen without these glutamate receptors allowing calcium into the cell

A

NMDA

Unit 3 Crossword

182
Q

exogenous chemicals that disrupt memory formation, legal in some states (not in Nebraska)

A

cannabinoids

Unit 3 Crossword

183
Q

synaptic transmission mechanism blocked by SSRIs and other drugs

A

reuptake

Unit 3 Crossword

184
Q

evolved bias that may contribute to depression, anxiety

A

negativity

Unit 3 Crossword

185
Q

“magical” nontraditional treatment option for depression, derived from a mushroom

A

psilocybin

Unit 3 Crossword

186
Q

network active when you zone out during class, 2 words

A

default mode

Unit 3 Crossword

187
Q

deadly viral infection that can alter emotional responses

A

rabies

Unit 3 Crossword

188
Q

disorder characterized by cyclic changes in mood (such as between manic and depressive episodes)

A

bipolar disorders

Unit 3 Crossword

189
Q

comprehending the words you are reading uses this temporal lobe structure

A

Wernicke’s area

Unit 3 Crossword

190
Q

PANDAS may lead to tic disorder or this disorder (abbreviated)

A

OCD

Unit 3 Crossword

191
Q

the “H” in the HPA axis

A

hypothalamus

Unit 3 Crossword

192
Q

released by adrenal glands during stress

A

epinephrine

Unit 3 Crossword

193
Q

often inelligent, normal individuals but lack remorse, impulse control, and reduced fear

A

psychopaths

Unit 3 Crossword

194
Q

term for a “how” memory, riding a bike for example

A

procedural

Unit 3 Crossword

195
Q

only humans use this to communicate

A

language

Unit 3 Crossword

196
Q

term for when there are multiple brain areas for a single function, seen in memory, emotion, etc.

A

degeneracy

Unit 3 Crossword

197
Q

blocking these positive ions prevents action potentials, helps limit stroke damage

A

sodium

Unit 3 Crossword

198
Q

these drugs target the enzymes that break down monamines to treat disorders

A

MAOIs

Unit 3 Crossword

199
Q

stage of sleep when memory consolidation occurs

A

slow wave

Unit 3 Crossword

200
Q

term for changes to the brain, explains why kids recover from brain damage, learn languages faster

A

plasticity

Unit 3 Crossword

201
Q

damage to this cranial nerve impacts facial expressions, emotions

A

facial

Unit 3 Crossword

202
Q

the — nervous system response is measured by the polygraph, may be about as effective as measuring if pants are on fire to detect honesty

A

autonomic

Unit 3 Crossword

203
Q
A

Unit 3 Crossword

Brain and Behavior (19 decks)

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