Unit 2 - Chapter 10 Reading Flashcards
True or False:
Sleep is not a state of “nonwaking,” but rather the interlocking of several different brain states.
True
10 Intro
a regular fluctuation in any living process
biological rhythms
10.1
a pattern of behavioral, biochemical, or physiological fluctuation that has a 24-hour period
circadian rhythms
10.1
True or False
All biological rhythms are at least a day long.
False; ultradian rhythms repeat more than once per day and are seen in behaviors as bouts of activity, feeding, and hormone release
10.1
refers to a rhythmic biological event with a period shorter than a dfay, usually from several minutes to several hours long
ultradian
10.1
refers to a rhythmic biological event with a period longer than a day
infradian
10.1
what is an example of an infradian rhythm?
menstrual cycle
10.1
—————– are generated by an endogenous clock.
Circadian rhythms
10.1
referring to a rhythm of behavior shown by an animal deprived of external cues about the time of day
free-running
10.1
interval of time between two similar points of successive cycles, such as sunset to sunset
(free-running) period
10.1
a shift in the activity of a biological rhythm, typically provided by a synchronizing environmental stimulus, such as light
phase shift
10.1
the process of synchronizing a biological rhythm to an environmental stimulus
entrainment
10.1
the stimulus that entrains circadian rhythms; any cue that an animal uses to synchronize its activity with the environment (usually the light/dark cycle)
zeitgeber
German for “time giver”
10.1
What is the major value of circadian rhythms?
they enable us to anticipate an event and to begin physiological and behavioral preparations before that event
10.1
the ———– houses a circadian clock
hypothalamus
10.1
small region of the hypothalamus above the opic chiasm that is the location of a circadian clock
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
10.1
How did researchers prove the SCN produces a circadian rhythm?
transplants
adult hamster received SCN transplant; when it recovered, it did not show its original circadium rhythm. Instead, its circadian rhythm matched that of its donor
10.1
In mammals, ———– information from the eyes reaches the SCN directly
light
10.1
an amine hormone secreted by pineal gland at night, thereby signalling day length to the brain
melatonin
10.1
pathway that carries information about light to the hypothalamus to entrain rhythms
retinohypothalamic pathway
10.1
a photopigment found in those retinal ganglion cells that project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus
melanopsin
10.1
