PSYC 276 Chapter 11: Emotions, Aggression, Stress

Question 1

subjective mental state that is usually accompanied by distinctive cognition, behaviors, and physiological changes

PSYC 273 - Chapter 11.1

Answer 1

emotion

Question 2

the part of the autonomic nervous system that acts as the fight-or-flight system, generally preparing the body for action

Answer 2

sympathetic nervous system

Question 3

the part of the autonomic nervous system that generally prepares the body to relax and recuperate

Answer 3

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 4

Theories of Emotion

informal observation suggested that emotions cause the body to react

Answer 4

Folk Psychology

e.g., feeling triggers autonomic reaction

Question 5

Theories of Emotion

bodily response evokes the emotional experience

Answer 5

James-Lange theory

e.g., autonomic reaction triggers feeling

Question 6

Theories of Emotion

the brain must interpret the situation to decide which emotion is appropriate

Answer 6

Cannon-Bard Theory

e.g., simultaneous feeling and autonomic reaction

Question 7

Theories of Emotion

we use context to cognitively attribute specific emotions to arousal

Answer 7

Shachter & Singer theory

e.g., cognitive attribution of emotion to arousal

Question 8

In Schachter and Singer’s study, participants who were injected with epinephrine and —————————– forewarned about reactions to the drug, misattributed their racing hearts to their current emotional context (rather than to the injection).

Answer 8

were not forewarned

Question 9

In Schachter & Singer’s study, ——————- was dependent on whether another person in the room was happy or angry.

Answer 9

which emotion the participant experienced

Question 10

Schachter and Singer’s model is also known as what?

What does it suggest about emotion?

Answer 10

• the two-factor theory of emotion
• that our emotional experience at one time may affect how we interpret later events

Question 11

device that measures several bodily responses, like heart rate and blood pressure; popularly but inaccurately referred to as a lie detector

Answer 11

polygraph

Question 12

According to one popular scheme of emotion, there are ——— basic emotions arrayed as opposite pairs.

Answer 12

eight

Question 13

According to Paul Ekman, what are the basic emotions displayed in all cultures.

Answer 13

• anger
• sadness
• happiness
• fear
• disgust
• surprise
• contempt
• embarrassment

Question 14

Facial expressions are mediated by —–, ——-, and ——.

Answer 14

muscles, cranial nerves, CNS pathways

Question 15

——————- muscles mostly attach only between different points of facial skin, so when they contract, they change the shape of the mouth, eyes, or nose or create a dimple.

Answer 15

superficial facial muscles

Question 16

————- muscles attach to bone and produce larger-scale movements like chewing.

Answer 16

deep facial muscles

Question 17

What are the two categories of facial muscles?

Answer 17

superficial and deep

Question 18

The ———- nerve innervates superficial muscles contributing to emotional expression. The deep muscles of the face (e.g., those controlling the jaw), are innervated by the ——— nerve.

Answer 18

facial nerve (or cranial nerve VII)

trigeminal nerve (or cranial nerve V)

Question 19

controversial proposal suggesting sensory feedback from our facial expressions can affect our mood (consistent w James-Lange theory)

Answer 19

facial feedback hypothesis

Question 20

rats will press a lever to give themselves brief electrical stimulation in a brain region called the ——

Answer 20

septum

11.2

Question 21

process in which animals will work to provide electrical stimulation to particular brain sites, presumably because the experience is very rewarding

Answer 21

brain self-stimulation