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Microbiology (BIOL 286) > Unit 3 Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Unit 3 Quiz Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

If a strand of DNA is 30% C in content, how much of it is T?

30%
20%
10%
15%

A

20%

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2
Q

What is the strand of DNA complementary to this? 5’ GAATTC 3’

5’ CTTAAG 3’
5’ GAATTC 3’
5’ CUUAAG 3’
5’ GAAUUC 3’

A

5’ GAATTC 3’

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3
Q

What process do cells use to replicate their DNA?

Libertarian
Liberal
Conservative
Semi-conservative

A

Semi-conservative

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4
Q

Where does DNA replication begin?

Shine Dalgarno
oriC
Operator
Promoter

A

oriC

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5
Q

Where is DNA found in prokaryotes?

Nucleomorph
Nucleus
Nucleoid
Nucleocapsid

A

Nucleoid

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6
Q

What enzyme performs most of the DNA synthesis during replication?

DNA polymerae I
RNA polymerase II
DNA polymerase III
DNA polymerase II

A

DNA polymerase III

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7
Q

What is attached to the 5’ carbon of a nucleotide?

Phosphate
H group
Nitrogenous base
OH group

A

Phosphate

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8
Q

Where would you find an Okazaki fragment?

mRNA trascript

Lagging strand of DNA synthesis

Leading strand of DNA synthesis

Ribosome

A

Lagging strand of DNA synthesis

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9
Q

Which of the following is a purine?

Thymidine
Cytosine
Uracil
Adenosine

A

Adenosine (and Guanine)

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10
Q

After two round of replication in light nitrogen, Meselson and Stahl observed what forms of DNA?

Intermediate and heavy

Intermediate and light

All intermediate

Heavy and light

A

Intermediate and light

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11
Q

What is this process called? RNA –> Protein

Transcription
Translation
Reverse transcription
Replication

A

Translation

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12
Q

What are the protein coding regions of eukaryotic genes called?

Retrons
Transposons
Exons
Introns

A

Exons

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13
Q

What molecule is used to tag proteins for degradation?

Methyl
Phosphate
Adenine
Ubiqutin

A

Ubiqutin

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14
Q

Which of these is NOT found in RNA?

Adenosine
Thymine
Phosphate
Ribose

A

Thymine

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15
Q

What protein in RNA polymerase contacts the start site for transcription?

Sigma
Rho
Omega
Alpha

A

Sigma

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16
Q

What type of microbe would have coupled transcription and translation?

Archaea
Protozoa
Yeast
Plant

A

Archaea

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17
Q

What protein serves to terminate transcription in bacteria?

Delta
Rho
Sigma
Omicron

A

Rho

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18
Q

Where would you find an anti-codon?

tRNA
rRNA
snRNA
mRNA

A

tRNA

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19
Q

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes?

Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

A

Nucleus

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20
Q

What binds to the Shine Delgarno sequence?

DNA polymerase
Regulatory protein
Ribosome
RNA polymerase

A

Ribosome

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21
Q

The process that leads to a bacterium using up glucose before using any lactose (choosing its carbon source) is called what?

Chemiosmosis
Oligodynamic effect
Amensalism
Catabolite repression

A

Catabolite repression

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22
Q

What secondary messenger molecule is formed by adenylate cyclase?

DAG
IP3
cAMP
ATP

A

cAMP

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23
Q

What type of regulation does LacI exhibit?

Negative induction
Postitive repression
Positive induction
Negative repression

A

Negative induction

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24
Q

How many of the codons in the genetic table code for stop?

Three
Two
One
Four

A

Three

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25
Q

What type of expression of the lactose operon occurs in a Lac knock-out mutant?

Off with glucose and on with lactose

Off with glucose and off with lactose

On with glucose and on with lactose

On with glucose and off with lactose

A

On with glucose and on with lactose

26
Q

What type of molecules are involved in quorum sensing in Gram negative bacteria?

Peptides
cAMP
Isoprene lipids
Homoserine lactones

A

Homoserine lactones

27
Q

What regions of the Trp leader base-pair to form the anti-attenuator?

1 and 4
3 and 4
1 and 2
2 and 3

A

2 and 3

28
Q

What type of regulation does TrpR exhibit?

Positive induction
Negative induction
Positive repression
Negative repression

A

Negative repression

29
Q

A group of coordinately regulated structural genes is called what?

Operon
Operator
Retron
Codon

A

Operon

30
Q

What DNA element do regulatory protein bind to?

Operon
Shine Dalgarno
Promoter
Operator

A

Operator

31
Q

What happens when MCP proteins have methyls groups added to them?

They become non-funcional

They are degraded

They become less sensitive

They become more sensitive

A

They become less sensitive

32
Q

Which of these techniques can be used to study proteomics?

2D gels
Southern blot
Western blots
Gene chips

A

2D gels

33
Q

RpoH (sigma 32) is involved in what process?

Housekeeping expression
Flagella synthesis
Endospore formation
Heat shock response

A

Heat shock response

34
Q

Which of these techniques can be used to study transcriptomics?

Southern blots
Gene chip
2D gels
Western blots

A

Gene chip

35
Q

What are the two components in a two-component signal transduction pathway?

Sigma factor and promoter

MCP and flagella

Histidine kinase and response regulator

Repressor and operator

A

Histidine kinase and response regulator

36
Q

How do E. coli flagella spin when conditions become more favorable (increasing resources)?

Random
Counter-clockwise
Clockwise
Not spinning

A

Counter-clockwise

36
Q

What is the default setting for flagella rotation in E. coli?

Not spinning
Counter-clockwise
Random
Clockwise

A

Counter-clockwise

36
Q

What sigma factor strategy is used to coordinate gene expression in a developing endospore?

Anti-sigma factors
Sigma factor exclusion
Chemically modified sigma factors
Pro-sigma factors

A

Anti-sigma factors

36
Q

Which of these regulatory proteins favors the lytic cycle in lambda phage?

CI
CIII
CII
cro

A

cro

36
Q

Which of these is not a form of horizontal gene transfer?
Transformation
Conjugation
Attenuation
Transduction

A

Attenuation

37
Q

How are proteins modified in a two-component signal cascade?

Ubiquitinated
ADP-ribosylated
Methylated
Phosphorylated

A

Phosphorylated

37
Q

Which of these is a transition mutation?

A to T
A to C
A to G
A to U

A

A to G

37
Q

What term is used for cells that can take up naked DNA?

Attenuated
Competent
Communicable
Virulent

A

Competent

37
Q

What type of genetic mutation is associated with cystic fibrosis?

Point
In-frame deletion
In-frame addition
Frame shift

A

In-frame deletion

37
Q

Which of these requires naked DNA in order to occur?

Transformation
Attenuation
Transduction
Conjugation

A

Transformation

37
Q

In which of these does the donor cell survive?

Transformation
Specialized transduction
Generalized transduction
Conjugation

A

Conjugation

37
Q

What type of mutation is most associated with 5-bromouracil treatment?

Transition
Deletion
Frame shift
Transversion

A

Transition

38
Q

Which of these involves the participation of a lytic bacteriophage?

Transformation
Generalized transduction
Conjugation
Specialized transduction

A

Generalized transduction

39
Q

Which of these is a missense mutation?

UGU (C) to UGC (C)
UGU (C) to UGG (W)
UGU (C) to UGA (stop)
UGU (C) to UXU (X = deletion)

A

UGU (C) to UGG (W)

40
Q

Which of these is a frame-shift muation?

UGU (C) to UGA (stop)
UGU (C) to UGG (W)
UGU (C) to UGC (C)
UGU (C) to UXU (X = deletion)

A

UGU (C) to UXU (X = deletion)

41
Q

What type of genetic element has a captured intervening gene from the host genome?

Complex transposon
Composite transposon
Retron element
Insertion sequence

A

Composite transposon

42
Q

What class of virus uses reverse transcriptase to replicate?

VII
V
III
I

A

VII

43
Q

Approximately how much of the human genome is made of mobile genetic elements?

25%
2%
90%
50%

A

50%

44
Q

Where do most RNA viruse replicate and assemble in a cell?

Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

45
Q

What class of virus uses an mRNA for its genome?

V
II
IV
III

A

IV

46
Q

What kind of element has both a ssRNA and ssDNA in its structure?

SINE
IS element
Retron
LTR element

A

Retron

47
Q

What retroviral component is missing from an LTR?

Pol
Reverse transcriptase
Gag
Env

A

Env

48
Q

What process does influenza virus use when in recombines gene fragments during infection?

Genetic drift
Gene conversion
Phase variation
Genetic shift

A

Genetic shift

49
Q

What enzyme is used to mobilize insertion sequences in bacteria?

Transposase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase

A

Transposase

50
Q

Which of these elements is most numerous in our genome?

Retron
LINE
SINE
LTR

A

SINE

Microbiology (BIOL 286) (36 decks)

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