Pre-Final Bonus Questions Flashcards by Kyah Birdsall

Where would you find an Okazaki fragment?

Lagging strand of DNA synthesis
A sushi restaurant
Leading strand of DNA synthesis
Ribosome

Lagging strand of DNA synthesis

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Which disease is associated with Entamoeba histolytica?

Dysentery
Toxic shock
Malaria
Vaginitis

Dysentery

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Which of these states has the highest incidence of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

Colorado
California
New York
North Carolina

North Carolina

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In the Hershey and Chase bacteriophage experiment, which radionuclides entered the cells?

32P
35S
Both 32P and 35S
Neither 32P nor 35S

32P

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Which arthropod is the vector for Trypanosoma cruzi?

Kissing bug
Tsetse fly
Deer tick
Mosquito

Kissing bug

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What type of immunity is imparted by the RhoGAM vaccine?

Natural passive
Artificial active
Natural active
Artificial passive

Artificial passive

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In which of the following type of genetic transfer does the donor survive?

Specialized transduction
Conjugation
Transformation
Generalized transduction

Conjugation

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While repeating the work of Messelson and Stahl, you grew Escherichia coli overnight in media with all 15N nitrogen. After pelleting the cells by centrifugation and rinsing, you then allow them to grow for exactly two generation times in media containing only 14N. Which of these patterns will be observed after ultracentrifugation?

All intermediate DNA
Heavy and intermediate DNA
Light and intermediate DNA
Heavy and light DNA

Heavy and intermediate DNA

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Where does RNA splicing occur during genetic expression?

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Nucleoid

Nucleus

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What type of genetic regulation is associated with TrpR?

Negative induction
Negative repression
Positive induction
Positive repression

Negative repression

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What structure is missing in protozoa cells from the group Excavata?

Ribosomes
Flagella
Nucleus
Mitochondria

Mitochondria

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What indicator strain is primarily used to test drinking, waste, and surface water in the United States?

Fecal anaerobes
Fecal streptococci
Fecal bacteriophage
Fecal coliforms

Fecal coliforms

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Which of these diseases is associated with ‘rice water’ stools?

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Listeriosis
Malaria
Cholera

Cholera

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What class of virus has a genome consisting of ssRNA (- strand)?

Class IV
Class III
Class VI
Class V

Class V

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What is the primary effect of botulinum food poisoning?

Rash
Lock jaw
Flaccid paralysis
Rigid paralysis

Flaccid paralysis

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What is the purpose of primary wastewater treatment?

Reducing the biological oxygen demand
Removal of excess water
Removal of large material
Disinfection

Removal of large material

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What term refers to fungi that grow as filaments at room temperature and yeasts at body temperature?

Chimeric
Alternaria
Toxigenic
Dimorphic

Dimorphic

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What kind of microbes does a phycologist study?

Algae
Protozoa
Archaea
Fungi

Algae

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How do Listeria cells move within the cytoplasm of infected host cells?

Cilia
Axial filaments
Actin polymerization
Flagella

Actin polymerization

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What sort of microbe is responsible of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

Bacteria
Prion
Protozoa
Virus

Prion

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What is the target of tetracycline’s action?

Mitochondria
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Ribosome

Ribosome

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What type of pathogen causes Bancroft’s filariasis?

Fungus
Worm
Protozoa
Virus

Worm

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Which of the following nutrient cycles does not involve a gas phase?

Sulfur
Carbon
Phosphorus
Nitrogen

Phosphorus

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Who first used a simple microscope live single-celled bacteria?

Leeuwenhoek
Redi
Pasteur
Hooke

Leeuwenhoek

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The microbial destruction of concrete sewer pipes is called what? Biodeterioration Biofilm formation Bioremediation Bioactivation

Biodeterioration

Diphtheria is caused by a toxin encoded by a prophage. What term refers to this process? Splicing Lysogenic conversion Antigenic shift Conjugation

Lysogenic conversion

What process do most bacteria use to grow and divide? Schizogony Meiosis Mitosis Binary fission

Binary fission

What genetic sequence does the RNA polymerase bind to during genetic expression? Shine Dalgarno sequence Operon Promoter Operator

Promoter

Which of the following reactions does the enzyme nitrogenase catalyze? N2 --> NH4 NH4 --> NO2 NO3 --> NH4 NO2 --> NO3

N2 --> NH4

Which polymerase fills in the gaps after the RNA primers are removed during replication? DNA polymerase I DNA polymerase II DNA polymerase III RNA polymerase

DNA polymerase I

How are you most likely going to contract tetanus? Poorly canned food Ingesting contaminated water Puncture wound Inhalation

Puncture wound

What is the first required step for microbial pathogenesis. Biofilm formation Internalization Adherence Toxin production

Adherence

Which of these microbes is associated with rheumatic fever? Streptococcus pyogenes Borrelia burgdorferi Streptococcus pneumonia Rickettsia rickettsii

Streptococcus pyogenes

What would happen to bacterial motility if the gene for CheY was knocked out? The flagella would spin counter-clockwise and the cells would tumble all the time The flagella would spin clockwise and the cells would run all the time The flagella would spin counter-clockwise and the cells would run all the time The flagella would spin clockwise and the cells would tumble all the time

The flagella would spin counter-clockwise and the cells would run all the time

What kind of bacteria contain an O antigen? Acid-fast Gram negative Gram positive Mycoplasma

Gram negative

Which group of fungi includes the microbe that produces the antibiotic penicillin? Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes Chytridiomycetes Zygomycetes

Ascomycetes

What are the protein-encoding nucleotide triplets called? Retrons Codons Exons Introns

Codons

What is the most common type of bacterium on our skin? Proteobacteria Actinobacteria Staphylococcus Spirochetes

Actinobacteria

What process produces ATP from high-energy intermediates like phosphoenolpyruvate? Aerobic respiration Cyclic photophosphorylation Substrate level phosphorylation Methanogenesis

Substrate level phosphorylation

Which fungus genus causes Ohio River valley fever? Blastomyces Histoplasma Coccidioides Cryptococcus

Histoplasma

Which portion of a bacteria endospore contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan? Core Coat Cortex Exosporium

Cortex

Which of the following must perform reverse electron transport to form NADH? Green sulfur bacteria Purple sulfur bacteria Cyanobacteria Methanogens

Purple sulfur bacteria

In some models, methanogens appear to promote _______ by reducing the amount of hydrogen available? Health Obesity Diarrhea Cancer

Obesity

What disease is also known as Hansen's disease? Tuberculosis Typhoid fever Leprosy Elephantiasis

Leprosy

What term refers to the distribution of seasonal influenza? Sporadic Endemic Pandemic Epidemic

Pandemic

What enzyme is used by insertion sequences to replicate and/or move in bacterial genomes? Transposase Reverse transcriptase DNA polymerase Exonuclease

Transposase

What is the LD50? Dose of bacteria that kills half of the exposed population Dose of bacteria that infects half of the exposed population The time is takes for bacteria to infect half of the exposed population The time is takes for bacteria to kill half of the exposed population

Dose of bacteria that kills half of the exposed population

Which of these bacteria would contain lipoteichoic acid? Gram negative Acid fast Gram positive Mycoplasma

Gram positive

What is the best explanation for why Cryptosporidium particularly difficult to control in our water supply? It is resistant to chlorine It is resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs It is resistant to our immune defenses It is resistant to drying

It is resistant to chlorine

Which portion of our digestive tract has the fewest resident microbes? Large intestine Mouth Small intestine Stomach

Stomach

What are the NET end products of Glycolysis pathway? 2 pyruvates, 1 NADH, 1NADPH, 2 ATP 2 pyruvates, 1 NADH, 1 NADPH, 1 ATP 2 pyruvates, 2NADH, 2 ATP 2 pyruvates, 2NADH, 1 ATP

2 pyruvates, 2NADH, 2 ATP

Metabolically related microbial populations are called what? Biofilms Clones Guilds Niches

Guilds

Which of these is true of the archaea membrane? Contains ester linkages and fatty acid lipids Contains ester linkages and fatty acid lipids Contains ester linkages and phytanyl lipids Contains ether linkages and phytanyl lipids

Contains ether linkages and phytanyl lipids

What process does this reaction correspond to in the nitrogen cycle? NO3 --> N2 Assimilation Denitrification Nitrification Nitrogen fixation

Denitrification

Where would you find the genetic material of a bacterial cell? Nucleocapsid Nucleus Nucleolus Nucleoid

Nucleoid

Suppose that you serially dilute a culture three times by putting 100µl of culture into 900µl of diluent each time and then transfer 100µl from the third tube onto a plate of media and let it grow overnight. If 15 CFU are observed on the plate, how many microbes were in the original flask? 1.5 x 103 cfu/ml 1.5 x 106 cfu/ml 1.5 x 105 cfu/ml 1.5 x 104 cfu/ml

1.5 x 105 cfu/ml

What term refers to the protein shell that surrounds the viral genome? Capsule Envelope Retron Capsid

Capsid

Which of the following is NOT an archaea adaptation to growth in high temperatures? Phospholipid bilayers DNA positive supercoiling High internal solute concentrations Thermosomes

Phospholipid bilayers

Which of these diseases is associated with the Varicella zoster virus? Mumps Boils Shingles Measles

Shingles

What type of material makes up the TDaP vaccine? Super antigens Toxoids Anti-toxins Attenuated microbes

Toxoids

Which of the following is NOT an example of an AB exotoxin? Tetanus toxin Staphylococcus alpha toxin Cholera toxin Diphtheria toxin

Staphylococcus alpha toxin

Which of these is the most common (and least lethal) form of anthrax? Cutaneous Sexually transmitted Pulmonary Gastrointestinal

Cutaneous

According to modern estimates, how many microbes are in and on our body per human cell? 200 20 2,000 2

What process involves the action of autoinducers like homoserine lactones? Antigenic shift Phase variation Attenuation Quorum sensing

Quorum sensing

During electron transport in Escherichia coli, which of these pairs would pump out the least protons? NDH-2 and cytochrome bd NDH-2 and cytochrome bo NDH-1 and cytochrome bo NDH-1 and cytochrome bd

NDH-2 and cytochrome bd

What is the incubation period? The time when disease symptoms are just beginning to appear The time between getting infected and being able to spread the disease to others The time between exposure and disease symptoms The time of the most acute disease symptoms

The time between exposure and disease symptoms

Which of these proteins favors the lytic cycle for bacteriophage lambda? cII cro cI cIII

cro

Which of these viral classes has a genome that consists of messenger RNA? Class VI Class V Class III Class IV

Class IV

What term refers to hospital-acquired infections? Toxigenic Idiopathic Nosocomial Communicable

Nosocomial

What term refers to a persistent disease with a low incidence at a specific location? Pandemic Pandemic Endemic Sporadic

Endemic

What does R0 best correspond to? The distribution of a disease in a population The expected number of secondary infections from each primary case The resistance of the host cells to infection The expected number of deaths due to an infection

The expected number of secondary infections from each primary case

What microorganism is responsible for causing whooping cough? Streptococcus pneumoniae Corynebacterium diphtheriae Campylobacter jejuni Bordetella pertussis

Bordetella pertussis

What would happen to LacZ expression if the gene encoding LacI were knocked out? Expression would be ON in the presence of glucose and ON in the presence of lactose Expression would be ON in the presence of glucose and OFF in the presence of lactose Expression would be OFF in the presence of glucose and ON in the presence of lactose Expression would be OFF in the presence of glucose and OFF in the presence of lactose

Expression would be ON in the presence of glucose and ON in the presence of lactose

Which of the following diseases is NOT prevented by the TDaP vaccine? Whooping cough Diphtheria Tetanus Pneumonia

Pneumonia

Which group of microbes predominates in most environments on Earth? Proteobacteria Crenarchaeota Firmicutes Cyanobacteria

Proteobacteria

Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are common examples of what? Prebiotics Antibiotics Probiotics Abiotics

Probiotics

What disease is associated with Helicobacter pylori? Diarrhea Gastric ulcers Sore throats Hepatitis

Gastric ulcers

Which of the following cannot carry protons during respiration? Cytochrome Flavoprotein Quinone NAD

Cytochrome

Ring stage parasites in peripheral blood samples is an indication of which disease? Toxoplasmosis Malaria African sleeping sickness Filariasis

Malaria

What term refers to people like typhoid Mary, which have an asymptomatic infection of a pathogen? Fomite Carrier Vector Lysogen

Carrier

Which of these are acellular microbes? Archaea Bacteria Yeast Phage

Phage

What term refers to the protective effect of having a population of hosts containing many individuals that have developed protective responses against a pathogen? Mortality Herd immunity Attenuation Morbidity

Herd immunity

Alternate flagella antigen expression due to an invertible promoter region is an example of what? Antigenic shift Phase variation Quorum sensing Attenuation

Phase variation

Which of these is most commonly acquired by ingesting poorly cooked foods? Hepatitis A Hepatitis D Hepatitis C Hepatitis B

Hepatitis A

Which of these diseases is NOT spread by the bite of a mosquito? Malaria Yellow fever Lyme disease West Nile disease

Lyme disease

Which of the following microorganisms is the causative agent of typhoid fever? Salmonella typhi Coxiella burnetii Streptococcus pyogenes Rickettsia prowazekii

Rickettsia prowazekii

What separates the epilimnion from the hypolimnion in a freshwater ecosystem? Thermocline Methane Neuston Sediments

Thermocline

Which of these cells is most likely to be affected by HIV? Epithelial cells Muscle cells CD4 helper T-cells Neurons

CD4 helper T-cells

What pigmented protein do pigmented prototrophic archaea use to collect light energy? Rhodopsin Bacteriorhodopsin Chlorophyll Bacteriochlorophyll

Bacteriorhodopsin

What term refers to microbes that have decreased in virulence? Lysogenized Attenuated Acellular Normal microbiota

Attenuated

Which of these is commonly caused by a food intoxication? Listeriosis Staphylococcal food poisoning Cholera Norovirus disease

Staphylococcal food poisoning

Which of these microbes can lead to severe colitis following long-term antibiotic treatment. Clostridium difficile Bacteroides fragilis Candida albicans Escherichia coli

Clostridium difficile