Unit 3 Patient Needs And Acute Situations

Question 1

NPO means

Answer 1

Nothing by mouth

Question 2

Ambulatory patient means

Answer 2

able to walk around

Question 3

Foley catheter should remain above or below the level of the bladder?

Answer 3

Below

Question 4

What is Orthopnea?

Answer 4

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing when laying down

Question 5

Decubitus Ulcers

Answer 5

-Pressure on area inhibits circulation
-If not relieved the cells in the central portion will die, and an ulcer forms
-Change position often
-Distribute weight over large area

Question 6

Restraints

Answer 6

• Used to restrict patient movement to ensure safety
• Require a physician’s order

Question 7

Immobilization

Answer 7

• Prevent undesired motion during imaging procedures
•DO NOT require a physician’s order

Question 8

What is NAT?

Answer 8

Non-accidental trauma

Question 9

Child abuse signs

Answer 9

-Multiple injuries
-Inconsistent stories
-Burns
-Bite marks
-Black eyes in infants

Question 10

Elder Abuse

Answer 10

-Knowing, intentional, or negligent act by a caregiver or any other person that causes harm to a vulnerable adult
-Types:
Physical
Sexual
Neglect
Exploitation
Emotional abandonment

Question 11

Is it your job to verify abuse?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

RADIOGRAPHER’S ROLE

Answer 12

-Preserve life and avoid further harm to the patient
-Obtain appropriate medical assistance as quickly as possible
-Activate code blue or rapid response team
-Know the location of crash carts

Question 13

CRASH CART

Answer 13

-Contains life saving medications and equipment for life threatening situations
-Inspected very frequently
-Never take supplies from the crash cart!

Question 14

AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

Answer 14

-“Are you choking?”
-Patient clutching throat
-Respiratory arrest
-Heimlich Maneuver
-Don’t perform blind finger sweep

Question 15

CARDIAC ARREST

Answer 15

-Patient unconscious or observe loss of consciousness
-No pulse
-Not breathing
-“Shake and Shout”
-Activate code and start CPR
-Lack of circulation to CNS can cause irreparable brain damage in 3-5 minutes

Question 16

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Answer 16

-Crushing pain in chest
-May also occur in left arm and jaw
-Diaphoretic(sweating)
-Irregular heart beat
-Initiate rapid response team
-Assist to comfortable position
-SOB: raise head, administer oxygen

Question 17

Define Diaphoretic

Answer 17

Excessive sweating

Question 18

CONTRAST MEDIA

Answer 18

-Used to enhance soft tissue structures (urinary, Gl, arteries, and veins)
-Different types and routes of administration
-Greater risk of reaction to contrast media
*IV administration
*Allergies to food
*Asthma

Question 19

Mild Symptoms? Treatment?

Answer 19

-Warmth, flushing metallic taste, coughing, nausea
-No treatment is needed because symptoms will resolve quickly without treatment

Question 20

Moderate or Intermediate symptoms? Treatment?

Answer 20

-Erythema, urticaria, bronchospasm
-Anahistamine gaministera orals intravenously, or intramuscularly. When bronchospasm is present, the inhalation of a bronchodilating medication may be indicated.

Question 21

Vasovagal symptoms? Treatments?

Answer 21

-Symptoms: Diaphoresis(excessive sweating), hypotension, bradycardia
-Treatment: Place patient in dorsal recumbent position with the feet elevated 20 degrees and the head elevated slightly if breathing is a problem. Intravenous fluids and atropine may be administered if bradycardia is present

Question 22

Severe (anaphylaxis) symptoms? Treatment?

Answer 22

-Symptoms: Warmth, tingling, itching of palms and soles, dysphagia, and throat constriction; progresses rapidly to laryngeal and bronchial edema, leading to respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, or seizures; may be fatal if not treated promptly
-Maintain the airway and call a code. Epinephrine is the drug of choice and is administered intravenously. Other medications and intravenous fluids may be prescribed as well.

Question 23

TRAUMA

Answer 23

CT is preferred modality for trauma imaging, but radiographs of chest, pelvis, lateral c-spine, and extremities may be ordered

Question 24

HEAD INJURIES

Answer 24

-Blow to the head with or without skull fracture
-Concussion: “seeing stars” or brief loss of consciousness
-Glasgow Coma Scale grades LOC(Loss Of Consciousness)
*Eyes open
*Verbal response
*Motor response
*Highest score=15

Question 25

SPINAL INJURIES

Answer 25

-C-Collar stabilizes neck in suspected cases of injury
*Not removed until cleared by CT/Xray and physician
-Use log roll, one person remains at head

Question 26

CHEST INJURIES

Answer 26

-Thoracotomy (tube inserted between visceral and parietal pleura)
-Be aware of chest water seal drainage system
*DO NOT PULL ON TUBE
-Keep unit below patient’s chest

Question 27

EXTREMITY FRACTURES

Answer 27

-Only remove splint under physician’s supervision
-Maintain gentle traction while supporting and moving the arm or leg
-Support proximal and distal to the injury