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Radiology Patient Care Class Powerpoints > Unit 2 Patient Assessment and Monitoring > Flashcards

Unit 2 Patient Assessment and Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Skills of Patient Assessment

A

•Observation
•Evaluation
•Assessment
•Communication
➢Relaying information

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2
Q

AIDET

A

•A = Acknowledge
•I = Introduce
•D = Duration
•E = Explanation
•T = Thanks

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3
Q

Taking a History and it’s elements

A

•Questioning techniques
➢Open-ended questions
➢Facilitation
➢Silence
➢Reflection or reiteration
➢Clarification or probing
➢Summarization

Elements of a History
•Onset
•Duration/chronology
•Specific location
•Quality of symptoms
•Severity of pain
•What aggravates/alleviates
•Associate manifestations

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4
Q

History: Onset Sample Questions

A

•How did it start?
•What happened?
•When did it first trouble you?
•Was it sudden or a complaint that gradually became worse?

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5
Q

History: Duration/Chronology Sample Questions

A

•Have you ever experienced it before?
•Has it been continuous?
•Does it bother you all the time?
•How long has this attack been bothering you?

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6
Q

History: Location Sample Questions

A

•Where does it hurt (or where is the problem)?
•Can you put your finger where it hurts the most?
•Does it hurt anywhere else?

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7
Q

History: Quality of Symptoms Sample Questions

A

•What does it feel like?
➢Sharp, stabbing pain?
➢Dull ache?
➢Throbbing pain?

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8
Q

History: Severity of Pain Sample Questions

A

•How severe is it?
•Mild, moderate, or severe?
➢Some like to use a pain scale of 1–5 or 1–10, with 0 being no pain at all and the highest number representing the worst pain the patient can imagine.
•Does it wake you up at night?

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9
Q

History: What Aggravates Sample Questions

A

•What seems to make it worse?
•When is it worst?
•Is it worse after meals?
•At night?
•When you walk?

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10
Q

History: What Alleviates Sample Questions

A

•What has helped in the past?
•Does that still help?
•What seems to help now?
•Does the time of day (amount of rest, change in position, and so on) make a difference?

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11
Q

History: Associated Manifestations

A

•Are there any other symptoms that you are experiencing that are associated with your chief complaint?

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12
Q

Assessing Current Physical Status

A

•Checking the chart
➢Obtain more specific information.
•Physical assessment
➢An ongoing process of observation, comparison, and measurement of patient’s condition before, during, and after imaging procedures
•Vital signs
➢Temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure

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13
Q

Standardized Color-Code Medical Alert Wristbands

A

-DNR(Do Not Resuscitate): purple
-Allergy: red
-Fall risk: yellow

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14
Q

Physical Appearance and Responses

A

•Skin color and temperature
•Level of consciousness (LOC)
•Breathing

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15
Q

Temperature

A

Digital, electronic thermometer for taking oral, axillary, and rectal temperature

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16
Q

Tympanic temperature probe

A

Inserted into external ear canal

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17
Q

Temporal artery thermometer

A

➢Contains an infrared sensor
➢Measures over the temporal artery in the forehead
➢Easy and quick; not objectionable to patients
➢Research indicates that this method is more accurate than the tympanic method.

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18
Q

Pulse is measured in? Tachycardia vs Bradycardia

A

•Measured in beats per minute (BPM)
•Tachycardia
➢Heart rate that is too fast(150-250 bpm)
•Bradycardia
➢Heart rate that is too slow

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19
Q

Respirations count? Normal range? Bradypnea vs Tachypnea

A

number of breaths per minute
•Normal range = 12–20 breaths/min
•Bradypnea
➢Fewer than 12 breaths/min
•Tachypnea
➢More than 20 breaths/min

20
Q

Blood Pressure and it’s normal range

A

•Measured with sphygmomanometer
•Expressed as:
➢Systolic (A)
➢Diastolic (B)
•Normal range
➢Systolic = 95–119
➢Diastolic = 60–79

21
Q

Blood Pressure: Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

➢Two stages
•Stage 1—systolic ranges 140–159 mm Hg; diastolic ranges 90–99 mm Hg
•Stage 2—the most severe form, Systolic reading is 160 mm Hg or greater and diastolic is 100 mm Hg or greater.

22
Q

Blood Pressure: Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure

➢Diastolic pressure <50 mm Hg or systolic pressure <90 mm Hg
➢May also indicate shock

23
Q

Common Laboratory Tests for Patient Assessment

A

•Complete Blood Count
•Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
•Blood-Clotting Assessments
•Blood-Chemistry Tests

24
Q

Electronic Patient Monitoring: Pulse oximeter

A

Placed on a finger, toe, or earlobe, where it continuously monitors both pulse rate and blood oxygen levels (oxygen saturation of hemoglobin)

25
Q

Electronic Patient Monitoring: Arterial catheter

A

One comprehensive way to monitor cardiac activity; provides continuous measurement of heart rate and blood pressure

26
Q

Electronic Patient Monitoring: Electrocardiograph monitor

A

Device that measures the electrical activity of the heart; displays the information graphically in the form of waves on a paper tracing or on a monitor

27
Q

Electronic Patient Monitoring: Electroencephalography

A

Device that records or monitors the electrical activity of the brain

28
Q

What is Emphysema?

A

prevent effective exhalation, limits capacity for inspiration

29
Q

What is Orthopnea?

A

difficulty breathing when laying flat

30
Q

What is Dyspnea?

A

Shortness of breath

31
Q

What is Bradypnea?

A

Abnormally slow breathing rate

32
Q

What is Trachypnea?

A

Abnormally fast breathing

33
Q

Laboratory tests

A

-CBC
-Blood Clotting
-PT, PTT, INR
-Meds
-Chemistry
-BUN & Creatinine
-Glucose
-Serum Bilirubin

34
Q

Stat vs ASAP vs Routine

A

-STAT: 30 minutes
-ASAP: 2 hours
-ROUTINE: 12 hours

35
Q

What is Triage?

A

identify victims, perform initial exam, assign priorities for further care

36
Q

Crash Cart Equipment

A

▪ Backboard
▪ Oxygen tank & supplies
▪ AED
▪ ET tubes
▪ Vital sign supplies
▪ Scissors
▪ CPR supplies

37
Q

Crash Cart Meds

A

▪ Epinephrine
▪ Atropine
▪ Heparin
▪ Narcan
▪ Solu-Medrol
▪ Amiodarone
▪ Nitrogen

38
Q

T or F: Oxygen is a medication and requires a prescription

A

True

39
Q

Oxygen: Cannula

A

▪ 1-6 lpm(liters per minute)
▪ 24-45% oxygen concentration
▪ May be warmed or humidified

40
Q

Oxygen: Tent

A

▪ Generally used with pediatric patients
▪ Deliver high rate of humidity & oxygen
▪ Get assistance from nursing staff

41
Q

Simple face mask

A

▪ Short-term
▪ 1-10 lpm
▪ 40-60% oxygen concentration
▪ Unable to eat/drink

42
Q

High-Flow Mask

A

▪ More accurately control oxygen delivery
▪ 24-60% oxygen concentration
▪ Ex: Venturi mask
▪ Patients with COPD

43
Q

Non-rebreathing Mask

A

▪ Reservoir fills with oxygen
▪ Valve to prevents entry of exhaled air
▪ Up to 100% oxygen concentration

44
Q

Partial Rebreathing Mask

A

▪ Allows some exhaled air to enter reservoir
▪ 40-70% oxygen concentration

45
Q

Suction: If patient begins to vomit or aspirate:

A

▪ Call for help
▪ Turn their head/ roll them to their side
▪ Don gloves & eye protection
▪ DO NOT forcibly insert catheter
▪ DO NOT suction past where you can see

Radiology Patient Care Class Powerpoints (13 decks)

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