Unit 3 Medications

Question 1

Radiographer’s Responsibility for Medications

Answer 1

-Be familiar with drug names, routes of administration
-Why?
• Help prevent errors
• Anticipate side effects
• Report signs of adverse side effects

Question 2

Chemical name

Answer 2

atomic or molecular structure CN- (4hydroxyphenyl)acetamide

Question 3

Generic name

Answer 3

nonproprietary, official; drugs of a particular class usually have the same ending

Question 4

Brand Name

Answer 4

proprietary or trade name given by manufacturer

Question 5

PHARMACOKINETICS

Answer 5

study of how the body processes the drug. Individual responses can vary depending on age, physical condition, gender, weight, immune status

Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution, Excretion

Question 6

Absorption

Answer 6

how the medication moves from route of administration to circulation
• Oral (by mouth)- GI
• IM/SQ – Blood vessels
• IV- None

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

how the body transforms drug into inactive form for excretion
• Liver

Question 8

Distribution

Answer 8

how the drug travels from bloodstream to target tissue and site of action

Question 9

Excretion

Answer 9

elimination from the body after metabolized
• Kidneys
• Intestines, lungs

Question 10

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Answer 10

-study of the effects of drugs on the normal physiological functions of the body

-Agonist, Antagonist

Question 11

Agonist

Answer 11

promotes desired result and produces a specific action

Question 12

Antagonist

Answer 12

drug that attaches itself to the receptor, preventing the agonist from acting.

Question 13

Medication Effects

Answer 13

Question 14

FREQUENTLY USED MEDICATIONS IN THE IMAGING DEPARTMENT

Answer 14

• Medications to treat allergic reactions (contrast)
• Analgesics/opiods – for pain
• Sedatives, tranquilizers, paralytic agents- reduce mental activity/anxiety
• Antagonist-reversal of sedatives and analgesics
• Local anesthetics- eliminate sensation during procedures
• Anticoagulants- inhibit clotting mechanism

Question 15

Analgesics/opiods are used for

Answer 15

pain

Question 16

Sedatives, tranquilizers, paralytic agents used for

Answer 16

reduce mental activity/anxiety

Question 17

Antagonists used for

Answer 17

reversal of sedatives and analgesics

Question 18

Local anesthetic

Answer 18

eliminate sensation during procedures

Question 19

Anticoagulants

Answer 19

inhibit clotting mechanism

Question 20

ALLERGIC REACTIONS Medications

Answer 20

• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
-Antihistamine, side effects: sedative, anticholinergic (drying)
• Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
-Stimulates heart and parasympathetic nervous system administered for angioedema, shock, respiratory distress
• Methylprednisolone (solu-Medrol)
-corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory prevents swelling of bronchial tree
• Atropine (Anticholinergic)
-Used for bradycardia

Question 21

Emergency Cart Medications

Answer 21

Question 22

Analgesics

Answer 22

• Drugs that relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness
-NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs
• Acetaminophen (tylenol)
• Aspirin
• Ibuprofen (advil)

Question 23

Opioids

Answer 23

• Act by depressing the CNS, relieving pain, producing drowsiness
• Oral: Hydrocodone (Vicodin), Oxycodone (Percocet)
• Injectable: morphine sulfate, meperidine (Demerol), hydromorphone, Hydrochloride (dilaudid), fentanyl (sublimaze)

• Naloxone (Narcan) antagonist to opioids

• Side effect: respiratory depression, monitor with pulse ox

Question 24

Sedatives and tranquilizers

Answer 24

• Quieting effect, reduce anxiety and mental tension Patients may feel drowsy, have slow reaction time
• Benzodiazepines
• Lorazepam(Ativan)
• Diazepam(valium)
• Midazolam(versed)

• Flumazenil (Romazicon) antagonist to benzodiazepines

Question 25

Anticoagulants

Answer 25

• Inhibits clotting mechanism of blood • Used to keep IV lines and catheters open during diagnostic procedures • Heparin • Warfarin(cumadin)

Question 26

Local Anesthetics

Answer 26

• Eliminate sensation in a specific area before a painful procedure • Lidocaine (xylocaine) -Can have epinephrine premixed to cause constriction of adjacent blood vessels (synergistic effect)

Question 27

Routes of Administration Enteral Route

Answer 27

Medication administered directly in to the gastrointestinal tract • Oral • Feeding tube • Rectal

Question 28

Routes of Administration Topical Route

Answer 28

-Topical/Skin -Transdermal -Sublingual and Buccal

Question 29

Parental

Answer 29

Medications that are injected into the body -Intravenous (IV): in vein -Intraarterial: in arteries -Intrathecal: in spine

Question 30

Injection Equipment

Answer 30

1. Syringe 2. Alcohol prep pad 3. Needle • Hypodermic • Spinal • Butterfly

Question 31

Gauge of the needle indicates

Answer 31

-the diameter of the bore As the gauge increases the diameter decreases

Question 32

IV Medication Administration

Answer 32

-Remember your rights of medication administration -Use alcohol prep pad, scrub port 10-15 seconds -Check for line patency (back flow of blood) -Look for signs of infiltration during injection -After injection, flush line with saline and clamp

Question 33

Medications Documentation should include

Answer 33

1. Date/time 2. Drug name 3. Dosage 4. Route 5. Person that administered

Question 34

Common medications part 1

Answer 34

Question 35

Common medications part 2

Answer 35

Question 36

Common medications part 3

Answer 36

Question 37

Common medications part 4

Answer 37