Unit 3 higher

Question 1

Factors that must be considered when making a new product

Answer 1

Availability, sustainability and feedstock
Opportunities for recycling
Energy requirements 
Use of by-products 
yield of products

Question 2

Route 1 ethanoic acid

Answer 2

Naphtha + air —-> ethanoic acid + several by - products

By-products:
Propane
Methanoic acid
Propanol acid

180 degrees
50 atmospheres

Advantage:
Single step process
By-product can be sold for profit

Question 3

Route 2 ethanoic acid

Answer 3

Methanol + CO2 ——> ethanoic acid

180 degrees
30 atmospheres
Rubidium/iodine catalyst

Advantage:
High yield of ethanolic acid
Fewer byproduct
Flexible source of feedstock

Disadvantages
Special materials are needed for plant construction which makes it very expensive to start up and maintain the plant

Question 4

Feedstock

Answer 4

Reactant from which other chemicals can be extracted or synthesis
Derived from raw materials either by chemical or physical separation
Eg water, crude oil nitrogen to make ammonia

Question 5

Three environmental conditions

Answer 5

How can waste de minimised
How to avoid making toxic substances
How to design products that can biodegrade

Question 6

What determines how much product is produced - limiting reagent

Answer 6

Reactant that is not in excess

Question 7

Molar volume

Answer 7

1 mole of a gas
24 moll -1
Size doesn’t affect molar gas volume

Question 8

Things that effect the volume of gas

Answer 8

Temperature

Pressure

Question 9

Theoretical yield

Answer 9

Quantity of product produced in theory

Question 10

Actual yeild

Answer 10

Quantity obtained when experiment is carried out

Question 11

Why yeild cant be 100%

Answer 11

Some reactants may be unreaced
Side reactions may occur
Final product may have to be purified
Human error

Question 12

Where do chemical reaction on solids

Answer 12

The surface

Question 13

Temperature

Answer 13

Measure of the average kinetic energy

Question 14

Reactions that involve separate ions in solution

Answer 14

Very fast

Instantaneous

Question 15

Shaded area on graph represents

Answer 15

Molecules that have enough energy to react

Question 16

Catalyst work where

Answer 16

Surface of catalyst/active site

E.g Harbour process

Question 17

Thermal explosion

Answer 17

heating raises the rate at which heat is released by the reaction until it exceeds the rate of heat loss from the area

Question 18

Endothermic reaction industry

Answer 18

Costly cause heat energy will have to be supplied

Ideally energy could come from anther chemical process

Question 19

Endothermic reaction industry

Answer 19

Can lead to thermal explosion

Too hot can produce undesirable products as ‘side reactions take place

Have to spend money cooling the reaction

Question 20

Enthalpy of combustion

Answer 20

Enthalpy change when one mole of the substance is burned completely in oxegen

Question 21

Hess’s law

Answer 21

The enthalpy change of a chemical reaction depends only on the chemical nature and physical states of the reactants and products and is independent of any intermediate steps

Question 22

Molar bond enthalpy

Answer 22

bond in a gaseous molecule is broken

Question 23

Halfway through textbook

Answer 23

Pg 178