Topic 6

Question 1

Hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Set of substances which contain carbon and hydrogen

Question 2

Homologous series

Answer 2

molecules with the same general formula and similar chemical properties, which show a gradual change in physical properties

Question 3

Molecular formula for Alkanes

Answer 3

CnH2n + 2

Question 4

What type of bonding do alkanes have

Answer 4

Covalent bonding (shared pai of electrons)

Question 5

Are alkanes saturated

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

Saturated

Answer 6

All carbon-carbon bonds are single

Question 7

Why do alkanes have low melting and boiling points

Answer 7

The intermolecular forces of attraction are broken when they melt and boil

Question 8

Intermolecular forces of attraction

Answer 8

These are forces of attraction that excise between molecules

Question 9

What happens to the intermolecular force of attraction molecules become bigger

Answer 9

The intermolecular forces become stronger increasing the melting and boiling points requiring more energy

Question 10

What is different about the carbon bond in alkenes

Answer 10

They have at least one carbon to carbon double bonds

Question 11

General formula for alkenes

Answer 11

CnH2n

Question 12

Are alkenes saturated

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Carbon bonds in cycloalkanes

Answer 13

Only single bonds

Question 14

Are cycloalkanes saturated

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

General formula for cycloalkanes

Answer 15

CnH2n

Question 16

Why are alkenes more reactive compared to alkanes and cycloalkanes

Answer 16

They have a carbon-carbon double bond

Question 17

Isomer

Answer 17

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 18

An example of an isomer

Answer 18

Alkanes and cycloalkanes ( same general formula)

Question 19

Fuel

Answer 19

A substance that is burned in order to release energy

Question 20

Combustion reaction

Answer 20

When a substance is burned in oxegen

Question 21

Alkanes + oxygen

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide + water

Question 22

Byproduct of incomplete combustion

Answer 22

Carbon monoxide or carbon

Question 23

Incomplete combustion

Answer 23

When there is a lack of oxegen in the air

Question 24

Complete combustion

Answer 24

When there is a goos supply of oxegen in the air

Question 25

Cracking

Answer 25

Proces to break molecules into smaller more useful pieces

Question 26

Why do we use a catalyst during cracking

Answer 26

Allows the reaction to occur at a lower temperature (saves energy and money)

Question 27

What does cracking produce

Answer 27

An Alkanes and a alkenes form a long chain Alkane

Question 28

Halogenation

Answer 28

A chemical reaction which involves the addition of one or more halogens to a compound

Question 29

Hydrogenation

Answer 29

A chemical reaction between hydrogen and another compound

Question 30

Hydration

Answer 30

A chemical reaction when water combines with another substance

Question 31

Properties of alkenes

Answer 31

``` In soluable in water Alkenes used to make polymers Unsaturated Decoulourises bromine solution Used to make polymers General formula - CnH2n ```

Question 32

Properties of alkanes

Answer 32

``` Insoluable in water No effect in bromine solution Saturated General formula - CnH2n+2 Used as fuels ```

Question 33

Alkene + hydrogen

Answer 33

Alkane

Question 34

Alkene + hologen

Answer 34

Dihaloalkane

Question 35

Alkene + water

Answer 35

Alcohol

Question 36

Properties of alcohol

Answer 36

Hydroxyl functional group Used for drink and perfume General formula - CnH2n+1 OH Burn with a clean flame Smaller molecules of alcohol are muscle in water whereas lager molecules aren’t miscible and form 2 layers

Question 37

Properties of carboxylic acids

Answer 37

Carboxylic functional group Ethanoic acid = vinegar Smaller molecules of carboxylic acid are musclable in water whereas lager molecules aren’t miscible and form 2 layers Carboxylic acids are involved in neutralising metal oxides, metal hydroxides and mental carbonates to form a salt

Question 38

Naming salts

Answer 38

Methanoic acid - methanoate Ethanoic acid - ethanoiate Propanoic acid - propanoate Eg methanoic acid + sodium hydroxide ——> sodium methanoate + water