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Chemisty > Topic 6 > Flashcards

Topic 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Set of substances which contain carbon and hydrogen

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2
Q

Homologous series

A

molecules with the same general formula and similar chemical properties, which show a gradual change in physical properties

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3
Q

Molecular formula for Alkanes

A

CnH2n + 2

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4
Q

What type of bonding do alkanes have

A

Covalent bonding (shared pai of electrons)

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5
Q

Are alkanes saturated

A

Yes

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6
Q

Saturated

A

All carbon-carbon bonds are single

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7
Q

Why do alkanes have low melting and boiling points

A

The intermolecular forces of attraction are broken when they melt and boil

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8
Q

Intermolecular forces of attraction

A

These are forces of attraction that excise between molecules

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9
Q

What happens to the intermolecular force of attraction molecules become bigger

A

The intermolecular forces become stronger increasing the melting and boiling points requiring more energy

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10
Q

What is different about the carbon bond in alkenes

A

They have at least one carbon to carbon double bonds

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11
Q

General formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

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12
Q

Are alkenes saturated

A

No

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13
Q

Carbon bonds in cycloalkanes

A

Only single bonds

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14
Q

Are cycloalkanes saturated

A

Yes

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15
Q

General formula for cycloalkanes

A

CnH2n

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16
Q

Why are alkenes more reactive compared to alkanes and cycloalkanes

A

They have a carbon-carbon double bond

17
Q

Isomer

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

18
Q

An example of an isomer

A

Alkanes and cycloalkanes ( same general formula)

19
Q

Fuel

A

A substance that is burned in order to release energy

20
Q

Combustion reaction

A

When a substance is burned in oxegen

21
Q

Alkanes + oxygen

A

Carbon dioxide + water

22
Q

Byproduct of incomplete combustion

A

Carbon monoxide or carbon

23
Q

Incomplete combustion

A

When there is a lack of oxegen in the air

24
Q

Complete combustion

A

When there is a goos supply of oxegen in the air

25
Q

Cracking

A

Proces to break molecules into smaller more useful pieces

26
Q

Why do we use a catalyst during cracking

A

Allows the reaction to occur at a lower temperature (saves energy and money)

27
Q

What does cracking produce

A

An Alkanes and a alkenes form a long chain Alkane

28
Q

Halogenation

A

A chemical reaction which involves the addition of one or more halogens to a compound

29
Q

Hydrogenation

A

A chemical reaction between hydrogen and another compound

30
Q

Hydration

A

A chemical reaction when water combines with another substance

31
Q

Properties of alkenes

A 
In soluable in water
Alkenes used to make polymers
Unsaturated
Decoulourises bromine solution
Used to make polymers
General formula - CnH2n
32
Q

Properties of alkanes

A 
Insoluable in water
No effect in bromine solution
Saturated 
General formula - CnH2n+2
Used as fuels
33
Q

Alkene + hydrogen

A

Alkane

34
Q

Alkene + hologen

A

Dihaloalkane

35
Q

Alkene + water

A

Alcohol

36
Q

Properties of alcohol

A

Hydroxyl functional group

Used for drink and perfume

General formula - CnH2n+1 OH

Burn with a clean flame

Smaller molecules of alcohol are muscle in water whereas lager molecules aren’t miscible and form 2 layers

37
Q

Properties of carboxylic acids

A

Carboxylic functional group

Ethanoic acid = vinegar

Smaller molecules of carboxylic acid are musclable in water whereas lager molecules aren’t miscible and form 2 layers

Carboxylic acids are involved in neutralising metal oxides, metal hydroxides and mental carbonates to form a salt

38
Q

Naming salts

A

Methanoic acid - methanoate
Ethanoic acid - ethanoiate
Propanoic acid - propanoate

Eg methanoic acid + sodium hydroxide ——> sodium methanoate + water

Chemisty (18 decks)

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