S3 EXAM

Question 1

Mono

Answer 1

One

Question 2

Di

Answer 2

Two

Question 3

Tri

Answer 3

Three

Question 4

Tetra

Answer 4

Four

Question 5

What substances form together to make ionic bonds

Answer 5

Metal and non-metals

Question 6

Ionic bonding

Answer 6

It is an electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 7

Strength of ionic compound

Answer 7

Strong

Question 8

Why do atoms gain or lose electrons

Answer 8

They are more stable with a full outer shell of electrons

Question 9

What happens when metal atoms form ions

Answer 9

They lose an electron to form positive ions

Question 10

How do you work out how many electrons a metal loses when when it forms an ion

Why do metal ions do this

Answer 10

A metal loses electrons equal to the number of electrons in the outer shell

They are more stable with a full outer shell of electrons

Question 11

What happens to non-metal atoms when they form ions

Answer 11

They always gain electrons to become megitive ions

Question 12

What substances have metallic bonding

Answer 12

Metals

Question 13

Metallic bonding

Answer 13

Electrostatic attraction between positively charged atom cores or ions and delocalised electrons

Question 14

Strength of metallic bonds

Answer 14

Strong

Question 15

What elements form covalent bonds

Answer 15

Non-metal atoms

Question 16

Covalent bonds

Answer 16

Shared pair of electrons

Question 17

What holds the atoms together in covalent bonds

Answer 17

The shared pair of electrons is attracted to both positive nuclei

Question 18

What is a molecule

Answer 18

A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 19

What is a diatomic molecule

Answer 19

A molecule that contains two atoms

Question 20

What is meant by a discreet molecular substance

Answer 20

One that exists with separate molecules

Question 21

Strength of covalent bonds

Answer 21

The covalent bonds inside molecules are strong whereas the forces of attraction are week

Question 22

Covalent network

Answer 22

A giant structure where atoms are covalently bonded together e.g silicon, carbon, graphite

Question 23

Electric current

Answer 23

A floe of charged particles

Question 24

What charged particles can carry a current

Answer 24

Freely moving/delocalised electrons or ions

Question 25

Why do covalent compounds not conduct electricty

Answer 25

Covalent compounds consist of molecules that are unchanged, they contain no charged particles to carry an electric current

Question 26

In what state will ionic compounds conduct

Answer 26

Ionic compounds don't conduct in solid state but when molten or dissolved in water

Question 27

Why do metals have high melting and boiling points

Answer 27

Strong metallic bonds are broken as metals melt and boil. These bonds are strong as the delocalised electrons are attracted to many surrounding positive ion cores

Question 28

Why do ionic compounds have a high melting and boiling point

Answer 28

Strong ionic bonds must be broken as ionic compounds melt and boil. The ionic bonds are strong as there is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 29

Why do covalent network structures have high melting and boiling point

Answer 29

Only the weak forces of attraction between molecules are broken when these substances melt/biol. the strong covalent bonds in the molecule are NOT broken

Question 30

How soluable are ionic substances in water

Answer 30

They are usually souable

Question 31

What is a vertical columb of element called in the periodic table

Answer 31

A group

Question 32

What is a horizontal group of elements called

Answer 32

A period

Question 33

In what ways are elements that are in the same group similiar

Answer 33

Similar chemical properties Same number of electrons on outer shell

Question 34

Alkali metals

Answer 34

Very reactive metals

Question 35

Halogens

Answer 35

Very reactive non-metals

Question 36

Noble gasses

Answer 36

Very unreactive non-metals

Question 37

Why are atoms neutral

Answer 37

They contain the same amount of positive protons and negative electrons

Question 38

What is used to put the elements in order in the periodic table

Answer 38

In order of atomic mass

Question 39

What is the atomic number

Answer 39

The number protons in the nucleus

Question 40

What is the mass number

Answer 40

The number proton plus neutrons in the nucleus

Question 41

How to calculate the number of netrons

Answer 41

Mass number - atomic mass

Question 42

What is an isotope

Answer 42

Atoms of the element with different mass numbers but same atomic number

Question 43

Relative atomic mass

Answer 43

The average mass of an element taking into propotion/ abundance of each isotope present

Question 44

4 factors that can effect the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 44

Concentration Temperature Particle size Catalyst

Question 45

Collision theory

Answer 45

In order for a reaction to take place reactant particles must collide with each other

Question 46

Catalyst

Answer 46

A catalyst is a substance that can be added to a chemical reaction to increase the rate. Without getting used up

Question 47

4 ways to measure the rate of chemical reactions

Answer 47

Measure volume of gas collected Measure mass loss Measure pH change Measure colour change

Question 48

Why do acids conduct electricity

Answer 48

Acids produce the hydrogen ion when dissolved in water. These ions when in water act as charge carriers and conduct

Question 49

What type of bonding do acids have

Answer 49

Ionic bonding

Question 50

Why do alkalis conduct electricity

Answer 50

They contains hydroxide ion. Theses ions conduct electricity