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AP Psychology > Unit 3: Biological Bases of Behavior > Flashcards

Unit 3: Biological Bases of Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

The Nervous system splits into what 2 parts?

A
  • Central NS

- Peripheral NS

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2
Q

The Peripheral NS splits into what 2 parts?

A
  • Autonomic

- Somatic

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3
Q

Autonomic NS

A
  • Automatic movements

ex. Breathing, blinking….

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4
Q

Somatic NS

A

-Voluntary movements

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5
Q

The autonomic NS splits into what 2 parts?

A
  • Sympathetic

- Parasympathetic

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6
Q

Sympathetic NS

A
  • when under stress

ex. heart rate increases, breathing, dilatation of eyes, digestive system slows

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7
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A
  • to calm one done after Sympathetic Reaction
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8
Q

Endocrine System

A
  • made up of glands and hormones

- through blood stream

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9
Q

Pituitary Gland

A
  • brain

- growth

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10
Q

Pineal

A
  • brain
  • circadian rhythm
  • melatonin
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11
Q

Thyroid

A
  • neck

- metabolism

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12
Q

Adrenal

A
  • by kidneys

- releases adrenaline

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13
Q

Pancreas

A
  • stomach region

- controls blood sugar (Insulin)

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14
Q

3 types of neurons

A
  • Motor
  • Interneuron
  • sensory
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15
Q

Motor neuron

A

-controls movements

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16
Q

Interneuron

A
  • connects the 2 (messenger)
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17
Q

Sensory Neuron

A
  • senses
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18
Q

Dendrite

A

-where the message enters the neuron

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19
Q

Cell Body/ Soma

A
  • Contains “normal” cell parts
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20
Q

Axon

A

-long fiber that a message travels through

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21
Q

Axon terminal

A
  • where the message leaves
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22
Q

Myelin Sheath

A
  • covers the axon

- helps message move faster

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23
Q

Action Potential (3 phases)

A
  • Resting potential
  • Action Potential
  • Refractory Period
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24
Q

Resting Period

A

+ ions are outside and - are inside

-no message/ no movement

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25
Q

Action Potential

A

+ flood in and - are still inside

-gates upon and positive ions rush in

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26
Q

Refractory Period

A

+ move back to outside and - stay in

  • moved out
  • nothing created or destroyed
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27
Q

Synapse

A

-gap between the axon terminal one one neuron and the dendrite of another

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28
Q

Neurotransmitters

A
  • chemicals that travel from one neuron to the next to send a message
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29
Q

Excitatory

A
  • sends message to next neuron
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30
Q

Inhibitory

A
  • stops message
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31
Q

Reuptake

A
  • the extra neurotransmitters go back into the terminal of which they came
32
Q

Acetylcholine

A
  • learning
    -memory
    -muscle contraction
    (Alzheimers/ Muscle Paralysis)
33
Q

Dopamine

A

-rush of good feelings
-learning/ attention
-movements
-emotions
(Parkinson’s/ Schizophrenia)

34
Q

Serotonin

A

-sleep
-mood
-hunger
-impulsivity
(Depression/ADD/ADHD)

35
Q

Epinephrine

A

-Fight or flight response

Depressed mood

36
Q

Endorphins

A
  • happy

- block pain

37
Q

GABA

A

-Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Seizures, tremors, Insomnia

38
Q

Glutamate

A
  • excitatory

seizures/migraines

39
Q

Drugs can affect neurotransmitters by

A
  • mimic

- block reuptake

40
Q

Brainstem/Medulla

A

-Involuntary Functions

Coma/Death/Paralysis

41
Q

Pons

A

-Connects Medulla to cerebrum and cerebellum

dreaming,poor coordination, cant’t breathe-> bad muscle connections

42
Q

Reticular Formation

Reticular Activating System

A

-Circadian Rhythm

Insomnia, drowsiness

43
Q

Thalamus

A

-relay station for SENSORY info

synesthesia- blending of senses

44
Q

Cerebellum

A

-balance
-coordination
-posture
-muscle memory
(balance+coordination issues/paralysis)

45
Q

Amygdala

A

-extreme emotions
-control center
(depression/anxiety)

46
Q

Hypothalamus

A 
Regulates:
-temp
-hunger
-thirst
(weird temp conditions/unusual eating)
47
Q

Hippocampus

A

-short to long term memory

Amnesia

48
Q

Limbic System

A

-controls emotion and stress response

over emotion

49
Q

Glial Cells

A

-brain cells that support and nourish neurons

bubble wrap

50
Q

Fissures

A
  • “wrinkles”

- creates SA

51
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • higher level thinking

- senses

52
Q

Frontal Lobe

A
  • decision making/judgment/logic/planning/reason

- also called prefrontal cortex

53
Q

Pariental Lobe

A
  • sense and touch

- pressure/pain/temp

54
Q

Somatosensory Cortex

A

Phantom Pain

55
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

-hearing/memory/speech

56
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

-vision

57
Q

Broca’s Area

A

-physical ability to make speech

LEFT SIDE

58
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

-ability to create meaningful/comprehendible speech

LEFT SIDE

59
Q

Angular Gyrus

A

-ability to read out loud

60
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

-band of fibers that connect the right and left brain

61
Q

EEG

A

-electrodes on head

62
Q

CAT Scan

A

-basic picture

63
Q

MRI

A

-more detailed than CAT

64
Q

PET Scan

A
  • activity of brain

- glucose injected

65
Q

FMRI

A

-hybrid between MRI and PET Scan

66
Q

Hormones

A

-molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour

67
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A

-parathyroid glands are four tiny glands, located in the neck, that control the body’s calcium levels

68
Q

Threshold

A

-Most often, the threshold potential is a membrane potential value

69
Q

Neurogenesis

A

-is the process of birth of neurons wherein neurons are generated from neural stem cells.

70
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

-thick band of nerve fibers that divides the cerebral cortex lobes into left and right hemispheres. It connects the left and right sides

71
Q

frontal association area

A

-by far the most developed part of the cerebral cortex, and the brain in genera

72
Q

Left Brain

A
  • math
  • facts
  • logic
73
Q

Right Brain

A
  • imagination
  • rhythm
  • arts
74
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

-a specific focus on the neural connections in the brain which are involved in mental processes

75
Q

Dual Processing

A

-Often, the two processes consist of an implicit (automatic), unconscious process and an explicit (controlled), conscious process

76
Q

Behavior Genetics

A
  • is a field in which variation among individuals is separated into genetic versus environmental component
77
Q

Heritability

A

-The first is a statistical definition, and it defines heritability as the proportion of phenotypic variance attributable to genetic variance.

AP Psychology (11 decks)

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