Unit 2: Research Methods Flashcards
Hindsight Bias
After knowing an outcome, tend to believe you knew it all along
Confirmation Bias
Looking for evidence to support our belief and ignore CONTRADICTING EVIDENCE
Overconfidence
An overestimation
Theory
General thought or idea based on past experienes
Hypothesis
An educated guess
If…then
Operational definition
Clarify or quantify variables
Replication
Be able to recreate and get similar results
Case Study
In depth analysis
Survey
Series of questions, either face to face or on paper
Independent variable
What changes
Dependent Variable
s
What u r measuring
Control Group
“Normal” condition
Experimental Group
Idea being tested
Cross sectional study
When one compares 2 different populations results of a study
(Freshmen v seniors)
Longitudinal
Repeat a research study over a long period of time
Population
A group of participants
Random Sample
In an experiment each participate has an equal chance of being in the control or experimental group
Single Blind Procedure
Participants Do not know who received the real treatment and who received the placebo
Double Blind Procedure
Nobody knows who received what
Done by an outside sources
Placebo effect
When a person believes something works even though it truly has no effect
Mean
Average
Median
Middle number
Mode
Most
Range
Largest- smallest
Standard Deviation
Number that tells us how spread our data is from the mean
Statistical significance
Tells us the likelihood of results from the experiment happened because of the independent variable
Critical Judgment
the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment.
Naturalistic Observation
Observing subjects in their natural environemnt
Correlation Coefficient
a number between −1 and +1 calculated so as to represent the linear dependence of two variables or sets of data
Illusory Correlation
is the phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables (typically people, events, or behaviors) even when no such relationship exists.
Random Assignment
Must have an equal opportunity to be in the control or experimental group
Culture
Traditions past on from one group to another
Debriefing
Post experimental explanation to its participants
Confounding variable
A factor other then the independent variable that would cause an effect
Informed consent
Ethical principle of which participants are told enough, to decide if they want to be in the study or not
Participant Bias
Where participants act in a way of which they believe is expect from them
Frequency Distribution
looks at how frequently certain things happen within a sample of values
