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S1 Flashcards (MA) > UNIT 2cEXAM > Flashcards

UNIT 2cEXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Histolgy

A

Study of tissues

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2
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells

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3
Q

Types of cell connections

A

Tight Junction
Gap Junction
DESMISOME
HEMIDESMOSOME

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4
Q

Tight junction

A

Use interlocking membrane proteins

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5
Q

Gap Junction

A

Use interlocking membrane proteins are also channels

allow cells to communicate°

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6
Q

Desmisome

A

Use membrane proteins that are attached to the cytoskeleton

goes through cell membrane
welded together*

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7
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

Attach the cell to a foundation or base =BASEMENT Membrane

the cell is anchored in place {stationary)

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8
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Line spaces in the body

covers the body and forms glands of the body

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9
Q

Epithelial tissue characteristics

A

Lots of cells tightly packed together
always has one side exposed
cells are highly mitotic
cells exhibit polarity
attached to basement membrane
cells form layers / sheets
all epithelial is avascular= no blood vessels

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10
Q

Criteria used to classify Epithelium

A

Shape of the cell
cell arrangement

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11
Q

Types of epithelium

A

Simple squamous
stratified squamous
simple cuboidal
stratified cuboidal
simple columnar
stratified columnar
transitional
pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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12
Q

simple squamous definition

A

Single layer of flat cells

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13
Q

simple squamous location

A

Blood vessels
kidneys
alveoli

covers organs and lines the ventral body cavity

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14
Q

simple squamous function

A

Permeability and secretion

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15
Q

stratified squamous definition

A

It’s nice to have some multiple layers of flat cells

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16
Q

stratified squamous location

A

Urethra
vagina
mouth
esophagus
anus
nose
epidermis

direct contact with outside

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17
Q

stratified squamous function

A

Protection

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18
Q

simple cuboidal definition

A

Single layer of square cells

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19
Q

simple cuboidal location

A

thyroid gland
kidneys

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20
Q

simple cuboidal function

A

Absorption
secretion

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21
Q

stratified cuboidal definition

A

Many layers of square cells
rare***

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21
Q

stratified cuboidal location

A

Ducts of glands

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22
Q

stratified cuboidal function

A

Protection

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23
Q

transitional defintion

A

Multiple layers of square cells that can change their shape

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24
transitional location
Uterus bladder
25
transitional function
Stretch and recoil
26
simple columnar locations
Fallopian tubes stomach small intestine large intestine
27
simple columnar description
Single layer of tall cells
28
simple columnar function
Absorption secretion protection
29
stratified columnar function
Protection
29
stratified columnar definition
Multiple layers of tall cells rare**
29
stratified columnar location
Ducts of some glands
30
psuedostratified cilated columnar (PSCC) definition
Single layer of tall cells that appear multi-layered with Cilia and usually goblet cells
31
psuedostratified cilated columnar (PSCC) location
Nasal cavity trachea bronchi
32
psuedostratified cilated columnar (PSCC) function
Secretion protection
33
Glandular epithelium description and function
Type of epithelium that forms the glands secretes
34
Types of epithelial glands
Endocrine exocrine
35
Endocrine gland
Doesn't have a duct releases secretions into the blood
36
Exocrine gland
Has a duct releases secretion onto a epithelial surface
37
How are exocrine glands classified?
Type of secretion mode of secretion structure of the gland
38
Types of secretions:
Serous mucus mixed
39
Modes of secretion:
Merocrine apocrine holocrine
40
serous secretion
Watery secretion ex. Saliva
41
mucous secretion
Viscous secretion ex. Earwax
42
mixed- secretion
Watery and viscous ex. Breast milk
43
merocrine secretion
Via exocytosis ex.sweat glands
44
holocrine secretion
Cell fills with secretory vesicles and ruptures (lysis) everything releases
45
apocrine secretion
1.Top half of the cells fills with secretory vesicles 2.top half breaks off and regenerates new top half 3.and repeats
46
Structures of exocrine glands
Unicellular multicellular
47
unicellular
a single cell
48
multicellular
Multiple cells
49
types of multicellular
Simple- unbranched duct Compound- branched duct
50
connective tissue
Supports, binds, and connects or separates other tissues and or organs
51
characteristics of connective tissue
Not exposed cells are spaced apart area between the cells is filled with Matrix variety of cells Vascular (except cartilage)
52
matrix is composed of
Ground substance and protein fibers
53
ground substance
H2O- liquid hyaluronic acid- slimy chondroitin sulfate- rubbery mineral salts- solid
54
protein fibers
Collagen -strong and flexible (thick) elastic- stretch and recoil reticular- provide physical support (thin)
55
What do you know about connective tissue if it has a lot of chondroitin sulfate?
Rubbery ground substance
56
What do you know about connective tissue if it has a lot of collagen fibers?
Strung and flexible
57
What do you know about connective tissue if it has a lot of hyaluronic acid?
Slimey ground substance
58
What do you know about connective tissue if it has a lot of reticular fibers?
Has good physical support
59
What do you know about connective tissue if it has a lot of mineral salts?
solid ground substance
60
What do you know about connective tissue if it has a lot of elastic fibers?
Stretches and recoils
61
What do you know about connective tissue if it has a lot of water?
Liquid ground substance
62
types of embryonic/fetal types of connective tissue?
Messenchyme whartons jelly
63
varieties of cells
-BLAST --Immature cell makes part of The Matrix -CYTE --mature cell maintains The Matrix
64
vascular
Has blood vessels
65
mesenchyme
Contains undifferentiated connective tissue stem cells {undecided can undergo mitosis} this is the connective tissue that develops into all adult types of connective tissue
66
whartons jelly
Has a lot of hyaluronic acid it's found in the umbilical cord protects the blood vessels in the umbilical cord
67
types of adult connective tissue
Connective tissue proper cartilage ostious (bone) blood
68
types of connective tissue proper
Loose dense
69
loose connective tissue proper types
Areolar adipose reticular
70
areolar connective tissue
CELLS: fibroblasts & macrophages PROTEIN FIBERS: all 3 types GROUND SUBSTANCE: hyaluronic acid LOCATIONS: around organs, under all epithelial tissues FUNCTIONS: reduces friction & protection
71
adipose connective tissue
CELLS: adipocytes PROTEIN FIBERS: reticular LOCATION: around spinal cord, heart, kidneys, behind eyeballs, & mammory glands. Hypodermis & yellow bone FUNCTIONS: Protection, cushioning, insulation, & energy storage
72
reticular connective tissue
CELLS: fibroblasts PROTEIN FIBERS: reticular LOCATION: liver, spleen, & red bone marrow FUNCTIONS: provide physical support
73
types of dense connective tissue proper
Dense regular dense irregular elastic
74
dense regular connective tissue
CELLS: fibroblasts PROTEIN FIBERS: collagen- LOCATION: tendons & ligaments FUNCTIONS: high tensile strength in a single direction
75
dense irregular connective tissue
CELLS: fibroblasts PROTEIN FIBERS: collagen- LOCATION: heart valves, elura matter, perichondrium, periosteum & dermis FUNCTIONS: high tensile strength in all planes/directions
76
elastic connective tissue
CELLS: fibroblasts PROTEIN FIBERS: a lot of elastic fibers tightly packed togetgher LOCATION: lungs, & major arteries FUNCTIONS: stretch and recoil
77
cartilage connective tissue
cells: chondrocytes -located: lacunae ground substance: lots of chondroitin sulfate avascular surrounded by perichardrium= layer of dense irregular ct
78
types of cartilage
Hyaline elastic fibrocartilage
79
all cartilage has cells called ______ which are found in _______.
Chondrocytes lacunae
79
how is cartilage different from other types of connective tissue?
80
hyaline cartilage
collagen protein fibers * End of long bone * between the sternum and rib * nose * trachea * bronchi * developing and growing bones REDUCES FRICTION ATTACHMENT PROVIDES SUPPORT BONE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
81
fibrocartilage
Collagen protein fibers * meniscus * intervertebral discs * symphysis pubis **shock absorber attachment with flexbility**
82
elastic cartilage
Elastic protein fibers * epiglottis * Pinna ****maintain** **structure** **shape** **while** **allowing** ***some*** **of** the **formation**
83
a body membrane is composed of...
Epithelial tissue (varies) and connective tissue (areolar CT)
84
types of body membranes
serous mucous sonovial cutaneous
85
serous membrane
lines ventral cavity=perital covers organs in ventral cavity = visceral separates layers by space Epithelial tissue: simple squamous FUNCTION: reduces friction
86
mucous membrane
lines the cavities that eventually open to the outside of the body Epithelial tissue: variety * startisfied squamous * psuedostratisfied ciliated columnar * simple columnar with goblet cells * transitional FUNCTION: protection
87
synovial membrane
lines moveable joint cavities Epithelial Tissue: simple squamous FUNCTIONS: secretes synovial fluid in the cavity reduces friction
88
cutaneous membrane
(PART OF YOUR SKIN) covers the body Epithelial tissue: stratified squamous FUNCTIONS: Protection
89
the integumentary system is composed of...
epidermis dermis hypodermis associated glands hair nails
90
what are the skin functions?
Protection (physical barrier) H2O regulation vitamin D synthesis blood Reservoir
91
what are layers of the skin?
epidermis dermis hypodermis
92
what specific type of epithelial tissue is in the top layer of the skin?
keratinized stratified squamous
93
types of cells found in the epidermis
keratinocytes melanocyte langerhans merkle dead
94
keratinocytes
90℅ of all cells produce a protein (keratin)
95
melanocytes
8% of all cells produce melanin
95
Langerhans cells
phagocytes move around the epidermis
96
strata of the epidermis
stratum basal startum spinosum stratum gfanubsum startum lucidum | fix
97
Merkel cells
involved in touch sensation
98
dead cells
no nucleus thicker skin
99
stratum basal
single layer that touches he basement membrane CELLS * Milanocytes * Markel cells * keratinocytes- undergoing mitosis, need to constantly replace old cells
100
stratum granulosum
3rd- next 3 to 5 layers of cells keratinocytes- full of keratin protein lose their nuclei
101
stratum lucidum
Found an only thick skin dead keratinocytes
102
stratum corneum
Top 10 layers of cells dead keratinocytes
103
stratum spinosum
2nd -next 5 to 10 layers of cells keratinosites- changing shape, forming desmosomes, beginning to make keratin
104
regions of the dermis
Papillary reticular
105
papillary region contains
Made of areolar connective tissue top 1/5 of the dermis
106
reticular region contains
Dense irregular connective tissue bottom 4/5 of the dermis
107
dermille papillae
Increase surface area between the dermis and epidermis papilla interlocks
108
epidermal ridges
Fingertips, palms of hands and feet increase friction your (grip)
109
pigments that result in skin color
melanin hemagolbin carotene
110
types of melanin
pheomelanin cumelanin
111
melanin
made by melanocyte
112
cortene
precursor to vitamin A that is stored in the dermis
113
hemagolbin
in red blood cells
114
mole
area of high concentration on epidermis
115
freckle
small area of more concentrated melanin
116
age spot
parts of your body that had the most UV exposure
117
albinism
Genetic mutation in the melanin gene white sin, hair, pink eyes
118
vitiligo
Area of the skin where melanocytes stop working
119
hair and nail are _____ derivatives
Epidermal
120
hair functions
Temperature regulations acts as a layer of insulation protection
121
functions of nails
Protection aid in ability to pick things up scratching
122
what specific part of the hair follicule contain mitotic keratinocytes and melanocytes
Hair matrix in bulb
123
types of integumentary glands
Suderifourous mammary sebaceous ceruminous
124
suderifourous gland secretes...
Sweat
125
types of suderifourous glands
Merocrine apocrine
126
merocrine gland
found all over the body stimulates by increased temperature active from birth temperature regulation and excretion
127
apocrine gland
Found in axilla (armpit) and groin active at puberty stimulated by stress and sexual arousal
128
mammary glands
Modified suderifourous glands produce milk (lactation) stimulated by hormone =prolactin
129
sebaceous glands
Associated with hair follicles produce sebum= oil block water loss from hair and skin antibacterial
130
ceruminous gland
Modified sebaceous glands found in ear canals produce cermen= ear wax block water loss antibacterial
131
nails
Epidermal derivatives developed from nail Matrix contains mitotic keratinocytes
132
parts of the nail
Body free Edge
133
types of skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma basal cell carcinoma melanoma
134
types of pathologies of integumentary system
Skin cancer acne eczema psoriasis actinine keratosis rosacca burns
135
squamous cell carcinoma
Caused by an uncontrolled growth of abnormal squamous cells
136
basal cell carcinoma
Begins in the basal cells, most common in exposed skin from sun
137
melanoma
Cancers when form grow into the dermis difficult to treat UV exposure
138
acne
Sebaceous gland pores are clogged
139
psoriasis
Autoimmune disease
140
eczema
Active immune response
141
actinine keratosis
due to sun damage
142
rosacca
Chronic disease
143
types of burns
First degree second degree third degree
144
1st degree burn
Top part of epidermis is burned
145
2nd degree burn
Epidermis and part of dermis burned
146
3rd degree burn
Entire thickness of skin burned
147
superficial wound
Only the epidermis is damaged no bleeding
148
how does a superficial wound heal
Red blood cells create collagen fibers fibers foundation for new tissue and the wound starts to fill in with new tissue new skin begins to form over this tissue
149
deep wound
The epidermis and dermis are damaged bleeding
150
how does a deep wound heal (phases)
Inflammatory migratory proliferatory muturation
151
inflammatory of wound healing
Bleeding wash out wound bring white blood cells to wound area blood clots form scab it's a temporary fix
152
migratory of wound healing
Keratinosites and fibroblast form areas around the wound are going to migrate under the scab
153
proliferatory of wound healing
Increases and keratinocytes and fibroblasts forms new epidermis and dermis under the scab
153
maturation of wound healing
Scab falls off exposes the repaired skin

S1 Flashcards (MA) (12 decks)

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