LAB PRACTICAL #1 Flashcards
What are the planes of the body?
Sagittal
Coronal
Transverse
Medial
Towards the midline
Lateral
Away from the midline
Proximal
indicates the part of the body that is CLOSEST to the point of attachment
Distal
the point of the body that is farthest AWAY from a standard point of attachment
Histology
study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues
Organ
A structure usually composed of several tissue types that form a functional unit
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a specific function
Cell
The smallest unit of life
Order of Complexity (simple-most)
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Nucleus
directs cell activity
endosplasmic reticulum
network of tubules and flattened sacs
Ribosomes
spherical body in cytoplasm
aids in protein synthesis
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell
site of cellular respiration
produces atp
centrioles
involved in the organization of the mitotic spindle
completion of cytokenesis
What is the magnification of the eyepiece
10x
What is the magnification of the scanning lens?
4x (red)
What is the magnification of the low power lens?
10x (yellow)
What is the magnification of the high power lens?
40x (green or blue)
What is the magnification of the oil immersion lens?
100x (silver or white)
magnification
the ability to make small objects appear larger
Total magnification equation
Lens power x 10(ocular lens) = total magnification
field of vision
what you see when you look through the eyepiece
Field of vision principle
AS magnification INCREASES field of vision DECREASES
Working Distance
Distance between the objective lens and the sample
Working Distance principle
Working Distance DECREASES as magnification INCREASES
Cell Cycle
the sequence of events from the time a cell first arises as a result of cell division until the time when that cell divides itself
Interphase Parts
G1phase
S phase
G2 phase
G1 phase
the cell grows, develops and functions as a particular type of cell
S phase
DNA is replicatiated to produce two identical strands called chromatids
G2 phase
cell continues to function but prepares for division
What does chromatin consist of?
DNA and Proteins that form the chromosomes
Mitotic Phase
Division of a single cell into two new cells
Steps of Mitotic Phase
“PMAT”
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Division of the nucleus
by Mitosis or “regular division”
prophase
Chromosomes wind up
Nuclear envelope breaks down
Chromosomes consist of 2 identical chromatids (temporarily connected by a centromere)
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell (middle)
Spindle Apparatus is fully formed
Spindle Apparatus consists of
centioles
microtubules
Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
Telophase
Chromosomes unwind
Nuclear envelopes are reformed
End of mitosis
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm
Division of the rest of the cell
(Cell splits into two daughter cells)
NOT PART OF MITOSIS
End result of mitosis and cytokinesis..
2 identical cells
identical DNA
each daughter cell is identical to original cells
aWhat effect does moving the diaphragm have on light?
increase/ decrease of light
What is the longest stage of the cell cycle
interphase
WHen do chromosomes appear as thickened masses?
during phrosphase
What causes brownian movement to occur?
the solvent colliding with the solute
kinetic energy is transferred to the solute
Solvent
disslover
solute
what’s being dissolved
what drives diffusion to occur
concentration gradient
Filtrate
the substance that passes through the filter
what forces drive filtration
hydrostatic pressure
gravity pull
Why does water move out of the cell during osmosis?
low solute concentration
Why does water move into the cell during osmosis?
High solute concentration
types toncity terms
hyper-tonic
hypo-tonic
iso-tonic
definition of toncity temrs
describes concentration of a solution relative to the concentration of a cell in the solution
hypertonic
lower solute concentration than cell
water rushes into cell> bursts (lysis)
hypotonic
higher solute concentration
water rushes out of cell>cell shrinks (cremate)
isotonic
same solute concentration of cell
(already at equillibrium
