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S1 Flashcards (MA) > A & P UNIT 2 > Flashcards

A & P UNIT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

Study of Tissues

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2
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells

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3
Q

Types of cell connections

A

Tight junction
Gap junction
Desmisome
Hemidesmosome

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4
Q

Tight Junction

A

Use interlocking membrane proteins
both cells have the same membrane proteins

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5
Q

Gap Junction

A

Use interlocking membrane proteins (Channels)
Allows Cell to communicate

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6
Q

Desmisome

A

Use membrane proteins that are attached the the cytoskeleton
goes through the cell membrane; welded together

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7
Q

Hemidesmisome

A

Attach the cell to a foundation/base
cell is anchored in place (stationary); attaches to cytoskeleton and basement protein

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8
Q

Basement membrane

A

foundation in hemidesimose

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9
Q

Epethielal Tissue

A

lines spaces in the body (where there is a hole)
Covers the body and forms the glands of the body

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10
Q

Epithelial Characteristics

A

Lots of tightly packed cells
ALWAYS has one side exposed
Cells are highly mitotic (needed to be replaced frequently)
Cells exhibit polarity
Attached to basement membrane
Cells form layers/sheets
ALL epithelial is avascular

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11
Q

Apade

A

Exposed side

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12
Q

Avascular

A

Means no blood vessels

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13
Q

What is epithelial classification based on?

A

Shape of cell
Cell arrangement

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14
Q

Types of cell arrangments

A

Simple- single layer
pseudostratified- single layer that appears multilayered
stratisfied- multiple layers of cells
transitional- layers of cells that can change their appearance

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15
Q

Types of cell shapes

A

squamous- flat
cuboidal- square
columnar-tall

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16
Q

Types of covering & lining epethilial

A

Simple Squamous
Stratisfied Squamous
simple cuboidal
stratified cuboidal
transitional
simple columnar
stratified columnar
pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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17
Q

Simple squamous

A

Single layer of flat cells
functions: Permeability and secretion
locations: blood vessels, kidneys, alveoli

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18
Q

Stratified squamous

A

multiple layers of flat cells
functions: Protection
locations: esophagus, epidermis… anywher with direct contact outside

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19
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

single layer of square cells
functions:absorption and secretion
locations: thyroid gland, kidney

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20
Q

stratified cuboidal

A

multiple layers of square cells
functions: protection
locations: ducts of glands

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21
Q

Transitional

A

multiple layers of square cells that can change their shape
functions: stretches and recoils
locations: uterus, bladder

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22
Q

Simple columnar

A

single layer of tall cells
functions: absorption, secretion, protection
locations: stomach, small intestine, larger intestine…

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23
Q

Stratified columnar (rare)

A

multiple layers of tall cells
functions: protection
locations: ducts of some glands

24
Q

Psuedostratisfied ciliated columnar

A

single layer of tall cells that appear multi layered
cells have cillia
Usually has goblet cells

functions: secretion, protection
locations: nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi

25
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

forms the glands
secretes

26
Q

Types of glands

A

endocrine
exocrine

27
Q

Exorine gland

A

has a duct that releases its secretions onto epithelial surface

28
Q

Endocrine gland

A

does not have ducts
releases secretion (hormones) into the blood

29
Q

What are exocrine glands based on?

A

Type of secretion
Mode of secretion
Structure of the gland

30
Q

Types of secretion

A

Serous- watery secretion (ex. saliva)
Mucous- viscous secretion (ex. earwax)
Mixed- watery and viscous secretion (ex. breast milk)

31
Q

Mode of secretion
(How they release secretion)

A

Merocrine- via exocytosis
Apocrine- top 1/2 of cells fills with secrottory vesicles-> breaks off-> regenerates new 1/2 (REPEATS)
Holocrine- cell fills with secretory vesicles and ruptures (lysis) everything releases

32
Q

Structure of the glands

A

unicellular- a single cell (ex. goblet cell)

multicellular:
simple- unbranched (single) duct
compound- branched (multiple) duct

33
Q

Connective tissue

A

largest tissue
supports, binds, connects, or separates other tissues and or organs

34
Q

Connective Tissue Characteristics

A

not exposed
cells are spaced apart
area between cells is filled with matrix
variety of cells
vascular (except cartilage)

35
Q

Matrix

A

ground substance
protein fibers

36
Q

Ground substance

A

H2O-> liquid
hyaluronic acid-> slimey
chondoitin sulfacte-> rubbery
mineral salts-> solid

37
Q

Protein fibers

A

Collagen-> strung and flexible (thick)
elastic-> stretch and recoil
reticular-> provides physical support (thin)

38
Q

Variety of cells

A

_blasts
_cyte

39
Q

blasts

A

immature cell,
makes up part of the matrix

40
Q

cyte

A

mature cell,
maintains the matrix

41
Q

types of connective tissue

A

embryonic/fetal
adult

42
Q

types of embryonic/fetal tissue

A

mesenchyme
Wharton’s jelly

43
Q

types of adult tissues

A

connective tissue proper
cartilage
ostious (bone)
blood

44
Q

mesenchyme connective tissue

A

contains undifferentiated connective tissue & stem cells

develops into all adult types of connective tissues

45
Q

Wharton’s jelly connective tissue

A

protects the blood vessels in the umbilical cord
has a lot of hyaluronic acid

46
Q

types of adult connective tissue proper

A

loose
dense
elastic

47
Q

types of loose connective tissue proper

A

areolar
adipose
reticular

48
Q

loose connective tissue proper

A

alot of cells
protein fibers are loosely packed

49
Q

areolar CT

A

CELLS: fibroblasts & macrophages
PROTEIN FIBERS: all 3 types
GROUND SUBSTANCE: hyaluronic acid
LOCATIONS: around organs, under all epithelial tissues
FUNCTIONS: reduces friction & protection

50
Q

adipose CT

A

CELLS: adipocytes
PROTEIN FIBERS: reticular
LOCATION: around spinal cord, heart, kidneys, behind eyeballs, & mammory glands. Hypodermis & yellow bone
FUNCTIONS: Protection, cushioning, insulation, & energy storage

51
Q

Reticular CT

A

CELLS: fibroblasts
PROTEIN FIBERS: reticular
LOCATION: liver, spleen, & red bone marrow
FUNCTIONS: provide physical support

52
Q

dense connective tissue proper

A

less cells, lots of tightly packed protein fibers

53
Q

types of dense connective tissue proper

A

dense regular
dense irregular
elastic

54
Q

dense irregular CT

A

CELLS: fibroblasts
PROTEIN FIBERS: collagen-
LOCATION: tendons & ligaments
FUNCTIONS: high tensile strength in a single direction

55
Q

dense irregular CT

A

CELLS: fibroblasts
PROTEIN FIBERS: collagen-
LOCATION: heart valves, elura matter, perichondrium, periosteum & dermis
FUNCTIONS: high tensile strength in all planes/directions

56
Q

elastic CT

A

CELLS: fibroblasts
PROTEIN FIBERS: a lot of elastic fibers tightly packed togetgher
LOCATION: lungs, & major arteries
FUNCTIONS: stretch and recoil

57
Q
A

S1 Flashcards (MA) (12 decks)

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