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S1 Flashcards (MA) > skeletal exam > Flashcards

skeletal exam Flashcards

1
Q

define Osteoprogenitor cell

A

Stem cells

undergo mitosis

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2
Q

define Osteoblasts

A

Immature bone cells, make up part of the matrix

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3
Q

define Osteocytes

A

Mature cells, maintain the matrix

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4
Q

define Osteoclasts

A

Large multinucleated cells that have lyosome responsible or breaking down the bone

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5
Q

define Hydroxyapatite crystals

A

Hard mineral salts- Ca2+

hard

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6
Q

define Osteoid

A

Collagen protein fibers made by osteoblast

strong and flexible

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7
Q

define Trabeculae

A

Thin bony plates

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8
Q

define lamellae

A

Concentric rings of the matrix

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9
Q

define lacunae

A

Hold osteocytes

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10
Q

define caniliculi

A

Channels in the matrix that come off the lacunae allows

cells to communicate

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11
Q

define osteon

A

Long cylindrical haversian systems

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12
Q

define interstitial lamellae

A

Remnants of old osteon

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13
Q

define circumferential lamellae

A
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14
Q

define volkmanns canals

A

Run perpendicular to central canals of osteons

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15
Q

define endosteum

A

Lines marrow cavities

contains: simple squamous epithelium
osteoprogenitor cells

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16
Q

define periosteum

A

Goes around outside of bone

has fibrous and cellular layers

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17
Q

define diaphysis

A
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18
Q

define epiphysis

A
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19
Q

define metaphysis

A
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20
Q

define epiphyseal plate

A
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21
Q

define epiphyseal line

A
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22
Q

define osteogenisis

A

Bone development process of ossification and calcification

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23
Q

define calcification

A

Puts mineral salts into bone

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24
Q

define primary center of ossification

A
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25
Q

define secondary centers of ossification

A
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26
Q

define simple fracture

A

Closed

not exposed

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27
Q

define compound fracture

A

Open bone is exposed

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28
Q

define synarthrotic

A
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29
Q

define amphiarthrotic

A
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30
Q

define diarthrotic

A
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31
Q

define flexion

A
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32
Q

define extension

A
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33
Q

define hyperextension

A
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34
Q

define dorsiflexion

A
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35
Q

define plantar flexion

A
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36
Q

define abduction

A
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37
Q

define adduction

A
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38
Q

define rotation

A
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39
Q

define circumduction

A
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40
Q

define pronation

41
Q

define inversion

41
Q

define supination

42
Q

define eversion

43
Q

define protraction

44
Q

define retraction

45
Q

define elevation

46
Q

define depression

46
Q

define luxation

47
Q

define subluxation

48
Q

define sprain

49
Q

skeletal system functions

A

Structure/shape
support
protection
energy storage
mineral storage
site of hematopoiesis

50
Q

what are the types of osseous tissue?

A

Spongy bone
compact bone

51
Q

how does spongy look?

52
Q

how does a compact bone look?

53
Q

how are spongy and compact bone different from each other?

54
Q

what makes a bone hard?

A

Mineral salts-

55
Q

what makes a bone strong?

A

Collagen protein fibers

56
Q

what is the organic part of the matrix?

57
Q

types of ossification

A

Infamembranous
endochondral

58
Q

what is the inorganic part of the matrix?

A

Hydroxyapatite crystals

59
Q

Types of bones based on structure?

A

Flat
short
irregular
sutural bone
sesmoid

60
Q

Explain the process of endochondral ossification

A

Start with hyaline Cartilage model

……funish

60
Q

explain the process of intramembranous ossification

A

Start with messenchyme

stimulates to become osteoprogenitor cells

become osteoblast
become osteoid

61
Q

List the types of bone growth

A

oppisitional
longittudal

62
Q

List the zones of the epiphyseal plate in order from epiphysis to diaphysis

63
Q

List the factors that affect bone development and growth

A

Calcium
vitamin D
vitamin C
vitamin A
Vitamin K
vitamin B12
thyroxine
growth hormone
sex hormones
perathyroid hormone
stress on bones
sleep

64
Q

Types of bone disorders

A

Rickets
Osteomalacia
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Pituitary dwarfism
Marfan’s syndrome
Achondroplasia
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteoporosis

65
Q

Osteomalacia

66
Q

Rickets

67
Q

Gigantism

68
Q

Acromegaly

69
Q

Pituitary dwarfism

70
Q

Achondroplasia

71
Q

Marfan’s syndrome

72
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

73
Q

Osteoporosis

74
Q

List the risk factors for osteoporosis.

75
Q

types of fractures

A

Comminuted
Compression
Spiral
Epiphyseal
Depressed
Greenstick

75
Q

List the steps in fracture repair

76
Q

List the different things that the skeleton can tell you about the person it used to belong to

77
Q

What is the difference between a primary and secondary curvature?

78
Q

What is the difference between a fontanel and a suture?

79
Q

What are the primary and
secondary curvatures?

80
Q

Explain the differences between female and male pelvises

81
Q

List the different types of articulations based on structure

82
Q

List the types of fibrous articulations

82
Q

List the different types of articulations based on the amount of movement allowed.

83
Q

List the parts of a synovial joint

84
Q

List the types of cartilaginous articulations

85
Q

List the types of synovial articulations,

86
Q

List the types of arthritis,

87
Q

give examples of a flat bone

88
Q

give examples of a short bone

89
Q

give an example of a irregular bone

90
Q

give examples of a sutural bone

91
Q

give examples of a sesmoid bone

92
Q

explain oppositional bone growth

93
Q

explain longittudal bone growth

S1 Flashcards (MA) (12 decks)

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