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S1 Flashcards (MA) > Lab Practical #2 > Flashcards

Lab Practical #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial

A

Tissue that covers the outside of the body or lines the inside of the cavities.

one surface faces the external environment

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2
Q

Functions of Epithelial tissue

A

protection
sensation
secretion
absorption
excretion
diffusion

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3
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

single layer of thin flat cells.
found in kidneys, lungs
transport of wastes from blood to urine(filtration/osmosis)

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4
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer of block shaped cells
found in thyroid -secrete hormones
found in kidneys-absorb

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5
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

single layer of column or rectangular- shaped cells

found in fallopian tubes (cilia)
found in small intestine - absorption

all nuclei are at the same level in each cell

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6
Q

simple cilliated columnar

A

simple columnar cells with cilia
found in airpassages like the nose and fallopian tubes

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7
Q

simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

A

simple columnar cells with goblets
capable of synthesizing and secreting certain substances ( enymes, hormones, milk, mucous…)

found in intestinal and respiratory tracts. small and large intestine or upper eyelid

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8
Q

Psuedostratisfied

A

she single layer of cells appears stratified because the cells have different heights: all the cells, however, rest on the basement membrane, but all do not reach the apical surface

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9
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Single layer of rectangular cells which have their nuclei in different locations

Seen in trachea where cilia sweep debris away from the lungs

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10
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Many layers of cells (stratified) but the top layer is flat cells (squamous)
Seen in skin where it is used for protection

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11
Q

transitional epithelium

A

consisting of multiple layers of epithelial cells which can contract and expand.

In the contracted state cells appear round, in the expanded state cells appear flattened.

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11
Q

connective tissue characteristsics

A

most abundant tissue in the body

composed of an abundant amount of ground substance (see below)

Generally highly vascular

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12
Q

connective tissue general functions

A

protection,
- supports and binds other tissues together.

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13
Q

types of connective tissue

A

connective tissue proper:
loose (Areolar & adipose),

Dense (regular & irregular),

Elastic tissue.

(Other types of tissues: cartilage, bone, blood and muscle.)

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14
Q

extracellular matrix

A

ground substance and fibers

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15
Q

ground substance

A

Gel like substance that helps absorb compression in the body.
made up of glycosaminoglycan’s, proteoglycans and glycoproteins.
\
Nutrients can diffuse through ground substance. Ground substance’ of extracellular matrix is an gelatinous material. It is transparent, colorless, and fills the spaces between fibers and cells.

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16
Q

Types of fibers

A

collagenous
elastic
reticular

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17
Q

collagenous fibers

A

composed of protein called collagen
strong and flexible

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18
Q

elastic fiber

A

composed of elastin
capable of stretching

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19
Q

reticular fiber

A

thin threads for a “meshlike” network

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20
Q

cell types

A

Fibroblast: (star or elongated)
Fat cells: (adipocytes)
Macrophages
Plasma cells
Mast cells

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21
Q

fibroblasts

A

make fibers

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22
Q

fat cells

A

aipocytes
stores lipids

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23
Q

macrophages

A

“eat” bacteria

24
Q

plasma cells

A

produce anitbodies

25
Q

mast cells

A

produce histamines

26
Q

loose areolar

A

support, strength and flexibility.
Contains fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cell and plasma cells.

binds skin to muscles.

27
Q

loose adipose

A

Composed of fat cells that are filled with lipids. ENERGY SOURCE. Insulation.

Under the skin (hypodermis).
“Pads” around organs.

28
Q

dense regular

A

Fibers Run in same direction in a more ordered fashion. Fibers are parallel. \

Ligaments: Attach bone to bone Tendons: Attach muscle to bone

29
Q

dense irregular

A

Fibers run in different direction. Less ordered. Fibers are bundled capsules

Dermis of the skin and joint

30
Q

elastic tissue

A

Contains many irregularly arranged elastic fibers. Can be stretched but returns to original length

Walls of arteries

31
Q

Bone

A

Rigid connective tissue that forms the skeletal support of the adult body.

Composed of organic and inorganic material

32
Q

Cells

A

osteoblast
osteocyte
osteoclast

33
Q

osteoblast

A

Immature active cell. Helps to form bone by producing osteoid (organic portion of matrix).

34
Q

osteocyte

A

Mature bone cell. Maintains bone. Resides in lacunae.

35
Q

osteoclast

A

Cell which has enzymes that break down bone maintain calcium levels.

36
Q

haversian system

A

1.Osteocyte lie within space called lacunae.

  1. Arranged in a concentric (circular) matrix called Lamellae, around a canal (opening) called Haversian Canal.
37
Q

What is the most widespread and abundant types of tissue in the human body?

A

connective tissue

38
Q

fribrous dense connective tissue

A

Matrix is mostly collagen and some elastic fibers packed tightly together

Connects muscles to bones (tendons) and bones to bones (ligaments)

39
Q

Cartilage

A

Matrix is gel-like
Made of collagen fibers and chondroitin sulfate

Cells live in spaces called lacunae
Flexible but holds its shape

Found at the ends of bones and in the nasal septum

40
Q

What is the common type of cartilage?

A

hyaline Cartilage

41
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

SUPPORTS AND REINFORCES. RESITS COMPRESSIVE FORCES

FOUND IN TIP OF NOSE, TRACHEA AND LARYNX & ENDS OF LONG BONES

42
Q

fibro cartilage

A

TENSILE STRENGTH WITH ABILITY TO ABSORB COMPRESSIVE SHOCK

INTERVERTEBRAL DISC,
JOINT SPACE OF KNEE

43
Q

elastic cartilage

A

has more flexibility and elasticity than other cartilage types.
It contains elastic fibres in addition to collagen

Found in external ear, epiglottis.

44
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

45
Q

Intracellular fluid is also known as the…

A

cytoplasmic matrix.

46
Q

Extracellular means?

A

it is the fluid found outside the cells.

47
Q

What is the function of the ground substance in connective tissue?

A

Supports the cells and fibers
Helps determine the consistency of the matrix

48
Q

other types of tissues

A

muscle
nervous
blood

49
Q

What are the possible protein fibers in CT matrix?

A

COLLAGEN, ELASTIN AND RETICULAR FIBERS

50
Q

What are possible consistencies of ground substance in connective tissue?

A

Ground substance is primarily composed of water and large organic molecules, such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.

51
Q

Layers of the skin

A

EPIDERMIS
(stratified squamous)

DERMIS
(flexible connective tissue)

HYPODERMIS (subcutaneous)
(fat cells present (*ADIPOSE)

52
Q

layers of the epidermis

A

stratum CORNEUM(top)

stratum lucidum (in thick skin)

Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum

stratum BASALE(bottom layer)

53
Q

list all the properties/traits that epethial

A

protection
secretion
absorption

54
Q

what is the criteria used to classify epithelial tissues?

A

shape of membrane]
how many layers

55
Q

how does adipose tissue reduce the loss of heat through skin?

A

filled and layered
thickness
last layer before muscle

56
Q

ligament connects what structures?

A

bone to bone

57
Q

tendons connect what structures?

A

muscle to bone

S1 Flashcards (MA) (12 decks)

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