Unit 2.6: Transport Animals Flashcards
State the role of the plasma in the blood of mammals.
To transport nuterients and carbon dioxide
State the role of the red blood cells in the blood of mammals.
To transport oxygen
Describe three ways red blood cells are specialised.
Contains haemoglobin
Have no nucleus to maximise haemoglobin content
Being bioconcave in shape maximises the surface area in order to absorb as much oxygen as possible
Describe how raw red blood cells transport oxygen efficiently.
Because haemoglobin binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
What is the equation to form oxyhaemoglobin?
Oxygen + haemoglobin -> oxyhaemoglobin
State the role of white blood cells.
Destroying pathogens
Describe what a pathogen is.
Disease causing micro-organisms such as bacteria
Name 3 types of pathogen
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Describe the role of the pathogens.
To carry out phagocytosis which engulfs pathogen
Describe the process of phagocytosis.
Pathogen is engulfed by the cell membrane into the cell where it is digested by enzymes
Describe the role of the lymphocytes.
To produce antibodies which attaches to and estroyes pathpgens
Describe oxygenated blood.
Blood that has come from the heart and is full of oxygen
Describe what is meant by ‘each antibody is specific to a paticular pathogen’
They have specific shapes which allow the antibody to attach to the pathogen if they match.
Describe deoxygenated blood.
Blood that has delivered the blood and is going back towards
What is the function of the vena cava?
Delivers deoxygenated blood back to the heart
What is the function of the right atrium?
Recieve blood from other parts of the body
What is the function of the right ventricle?
To pump blood to the lungs
What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
Take deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
What is the function of the left atrium?
Recieves blood from from the lungs
What is the function of the left ventricle?
Pumps blood to other parts of the body
What is the function of the aorta?
carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and branches from the aorta pass blood away from hert to the other parts of the body
What is the function of the valves?
To prevent blood flowing backwards
What is the function of the coronary arteries?
To supply heart muscle with oxygen
What is the function of the artery?
To carry blood under high pressure away from the heart
Describe the structure of an artery.
Thick
Muscular wall
Narrow cental channel
What is the function of the vein?
To carry blood under low pressure back to the heart
What is the function of the capillary?
To form a network at tissues and organ to allow efficient exchange of material between the blood and body cel;s
Describe the structure of an vein.
Thinner walls
wider central channel
valves
Describe the structure of a capillary.
smallest and most nu
