Unit 2 - VI. Regions of the Vertebral Column: Thoracic or Dorsal Region (Just Quizzies) Flashcards
1
Q
What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?
A
the vertebral body, the tranverse process, articular process and spinous process
2
Q
What is the outline of the vertebral body of a typical thoracic from superior view?
A
triangular
3
Q
What is the name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?
A
the aortic impression
4
Q
What is the aortic impression?
A
the flattening of the superior and inferior epiphyseal rims on the left side of the vertebral body of T5-T8 which gives the vertebral body a less scalloped or less indented appearance on that side
5
Q
What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?
A
the left side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims
6
Q
What is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body?
A
the posterior height is greater than the anterior height by one to two millimeters
7
Q
What is the height pattern of intervertebral discs in the typical thoracic region?
A
the intervertebral discs are rather planar or flat with no apparent height difference between anterior and posterior heights
8
Q
What is the principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine?
A
the vertebral body height differences
9
Q
In terms of the anterior-posterior curves of the vertebral column, what direction will the thoracic spine face?
A
posterior
10
Q
What is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern?
A
a kyphotic curve
11
Q
What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
A
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
12
Q
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
A
four
13
Q
How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
A
two
14
Q
How many joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
A
typically ten (fourteen if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)
15
Q
What is the name given to the joint formed between the vertebral body and rib?
A
costocentral joint
16
Q
How many costocentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
A
four
17
Q
Which of the demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?
A
the superior costal demi-facet
18
Q
What feature will provide assistance in maintaining the stability of the intervertebral foramen in the typical thoracics?
A
the costocentral joint or ribs
19
Q
What is the size relationship between the articulating surface of the head of the rib and the costal demi-facet surface?
A
the rib surface is greater than the costal demi-facet surface
20
Q
Which muscle(s) is attached to the vertebral body of T2 or T3?
A
the longus colli
21
Q
What is the angulation of the pedicle in the typical thoracic region?
A
ten to fifteen degrees posterolateral from the sagittal plane
22
Q
Which X-ray view is used to see into the intervertebral foramen of a typical thoracic?
A
the lateral view
23
Q
Which vertebral notch or incisure is said to be prominent?
A
the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure
24
Q
What is the nerve-vertebral body relationship at the typical thoracic intervertebral foramen?
A
in the intervertebral foramen, the number of the nerve is the same as the number of the upper thoracic in the vertebral couple
25
What is the rib-vertebral body relationship at the typical thoracic intervertebral foramen?
in the intervertebral foramen, the number of the rib is the same as the number of the lower thoracic in the vertebral couple
26
What is overlap of the lamina called in the typical thoracic region?
shingling
27
In which plane will the size of the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic be greatest?
the transverse plane, the vertebral transverse diameter
28
What is the distance between the transverse tubercles in the typical thoracic region?
from T2 each transverse diameter becomes shorter as the transverse processes angle more posterior
29
What is present on the transverse tubercle of a typical thoracic?
the transverse costal facet
30
What is the rib-transverse process relationship for the typical thoracics?
the number of the rib is the same as the number of the vertebra whose transverse process is being studied; fifth rib with T5 transverse process
31
What is the classification of the costotransverse joint?
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint
32
What are the osseous parts of the costotransverse joint?
the transverse costal facet and the articular surface of the tubercle of a rib
33
What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic?
the superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, and lateral costotransverse ligaments
34
The superior costotransverse ligament of rib five will attach to which vertebral feature?
the transverse process of T4
35
What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?
intertransverse, capsular costotransverse, superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments
36
Which muscles attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?
longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis thoracis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum longus and levator costarum brevis
37
Of the muscles attaching to the transverse process of typical thoracics, which ones will attach only to the T5-T8 vertebral segments?
semispinalis thoracis and levator costarum longus
38
How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare in the T2-T4 region?
the superior articular process transverse diameter is greater than the inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment
39
How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare in the T5-T8 region?
the superior articular process transverse diameter is the same as or equal to the inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment
40
What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic?
they face backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)
41
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic?
they face forward, downward, and medial (ForMeD)
42
What is the curvature of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic?
they are slightly convex
43
What is the curvature of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic?
they are slightly concave
44
What is the joint classification of the articular facet joint?
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint
45
How many synovial joints are present at a typical thoracic?
ten
46
Identify the synovial joint surfaces present on a typical thoracic.
```
two superior costal demi-facets,
two inferior costal demi-facets,
two transverse costal facets,
two superior articular facets,
two inferior articular facets
```
47
What is the name given to the overlap of spinous processes in the thoracic region?
imbrication
48
Imbrication will be more pronounced for what region of the thoracics?
T5-T8
49
Which thoracic has the longest spinous process?
T8
50
What is the angulation of the spinous process of T2-T4?
the undersurface of T2-T4 spinous processes will angle up to forty degrees from the horizontal plane
51
What is the angulation of the spinous process of T5-T8?
the undersurface of T5-T8 spinous processes will angle up to sixty degrees from the horizontal plane
52
What joint classification is associated with typical thoracic spinous process ligaments?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint
53
Which muscles may attach to the spinous process of a typical thoracic?
trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major, serratus posterior superior, splenius cervicis, splenius capitis, spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis capitis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis
54
Which muscles attaching to the spinous process of a typical thoracic are not included in any muscle layer of the true back?
splenius cervicis, splenius capitis and interspinalis
55
What joint classifications are present at every typical thoracic vertebra?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
56
What is the appearance of the superior surface of the vertebral body of T1?
it is somewhat cup-shaped with elevations at the posterior and lateral margin
57
What may the elevations on the vertebral body of T1 represent?
uncinate processes
58
What is the appearance of the inferior surface of the vertebral body of T1?
typically flat, lacking anterior and posterior lips characteristic of the cervicals
59
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1?
four normally
60
How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T1?
two
61
How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1?
typically four are identified (as many as eight if the rib articulation is included)
62
How many joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1?
typically ten (fourteen if the rib ligaments are included)
63
How many costocentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1?
four
64
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the T1 vertebral body?
the right and left superior costal facet
| the right and left inferior costal demi-facet
65
What is the rib-vertebral body combination at the intervertebral foramen for the eighth cervical nerve?
the superior costal facet of T1 will joint with the articular surface of the head of the first rib
66
What ligament supports the costocentral joint of the first rib?
the costocentra stellate/radiate ligament
67
What ligaments support the costocentral joint of the second rib?
the costocentral stellate/radiate ligament and the costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament
68
Which muscle(s) is attached to the vertebral body of T1?
the longus colli
69
What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of T1?
the inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments
70
What ligament is absent at the costotransverse joint of T1?
the superior costotransverse ligament
71
Which costotransverse joint will the superior costotransverse ligament of T1 support?
the second rib costotransverse joint
72
What muscles attach to the transverse process of T1?
longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum brevis
73
Which specific transversospinalis muscle is absent from T1?
semispinalis thoracis
74
What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of T1?
they face backward, upward and lateral (BUL)
75
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of T1?
they face forward, downward and medial (ForMeD)
76
What is the classification of the articular facet joint?
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
77
How many synovial joints are present at T1?
ten
78
How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are present at T1?
six
79
Which vertebrae have been identified as forming the vertebral prominence?
C6, C7, T1
80
What is the gender bias associated with T1 as the vertebral prominence?
males (9%) are more likely than females (6%) to demonstrate T1 as the vertebral prominence
81
What muscles attach to the spinous process of T1?
the trapezius, rhomboid minor, serratus posterior superior, splenius capitis, spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis capitis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, interspinalis
82
Which synovial joint surfaces may be absent from the vertebral body of T9?
inferior costal demi-facets
83
Which muscles attach to the transverse process of T9?
the longissimus thoracis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum longus and levator costarum brevis
84
Which is the last thoracic vertebra to have an inferior costal demi-facet?
T9
85
What muscles attach to the spinous process of T9?
the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis
86
Which muscles are conspicuously absent absent at the T9 spinous process?
spinalis and semispinalis
87
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T10?
two
88
How many symphysis joints are formed with the vetebral body of T10?
two
89
How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T10?
typically four are identified (as many as eight if theh costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)
90
How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T10?
typically eight (twelve if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)
91
Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T10?
inferior costal demi-facets
92
Para-articular processes are more commonly observed on which segment of the spine?
T10
93
What muscles attach to the transverse process of T10?
longissimus thoracis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum longus and levator costarum brevis
94
Which rib related facet is absent on T10?
the inferior costal demi-facet
95
What is the orientation of the spinous process of T10?
posterior and slightly inferior, it will shorten and become more horizontal
96
A dimpling or depression of the skin in the thoracic region is often characteristic of the location of which segment?
T10
97
What muscles attach to the spinous process of T10?
the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis
98
What name is given to T11?
the anticlinal vertebra
99
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T11?
two
100
How many symphysis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T11?
two
101
How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T11
typically eight (twelve if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)
102
What is present at the tip of the transverse process of T11?
the transverse tubercle
103
Which vertebra is the last segment to demonstrate a transverse costal facet?
T10
104
What ligaments form the costotransverse joint of T11?
the superior costotransverse, and slightly developed inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments
105
Which costotransverse joint will the superior costotransverse ligament at the transverse process of T11 support?
the twelfth rib costotransverse joint
106
What muscles attach to the transverse process of T11?
longissimus thoracis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, and levator costarum brevis
107
Which levator costarum muscle is absent at T11?
levator costarum longus
108
Which segment is the last to demonstrate an attachment for the levator costarum longus?
T10
109
What is the orientation of the superior articular facets of T11?
they face backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)
110
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of T11?
they face forward, downward, and medial (ForMeD)
111
How many synovial joints are typically present at
| T11?
six
112
What muscles attach to the spinous process of T11?
trapezius, latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, spinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, and interspinalis
113
At which segments of the thoracic spine will the spinalis muscle not attach?
T9, T10
114
Which erector spinae muscle uniquely attaches to the spinous process of T11?
iliocostalis lumborum
115
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T12?
two
116
How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T12?
two
117
How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T12?
four are typically identified (as many as six if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)
118
How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T12?
typically eight (ten if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)
119
Which muscle(s) is attached to the vertebral body of T12?
psoas major and psoas minor
120
What is present at the transverse process region of T12?
three tubercles of variable size
121
Which tubercle on T12 represents the transverse process?
the lateral tubercle
122
Which tubercle on T12 represents the mammillary process of the lumbars?
the superior tubercle
123
Which tubercle on T12 represents the accessory process of the lumbars?
the inferior tubercle
124
What ligaments form the costotransverse joint of the twelfth rib?
the superior costotransverse ligament from T11 and the lumbocostal ligament from L1
125
Which costotransverse ligament(s) are attached at T12?
none; the capsular, superior, inferior, and lateral costotransverse ligaments lack an attachment to T12
126
What muscles attach to the transverse process region of T12?
the longissimus thoracis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis and intertransversarii
127
Which segment is the last to demonstrate a levator costarum brevis attachment?
T11
128
Which segment is the last to demonstrate a levator costarum longus attachment?
T10
129
What is the orientation of the superior articular facets of T12?
they face backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)
130
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of T12?
they face forward, downward, and lateral (FoLD)
131
What is the curvature of the inferior articular facets of T12?
they are significantly convex
132
How many synovial joints are typically present at T12?
six
133
Identify the synovial joint surfaces typically present on T12?
two superior costal facets, two superior articular facets, two inferior articular facets
134
What muscles attach to the spinous process of T12?
the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, spinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis
135
Which erector spinae muscle is unique in its attachment to the T12 spinous process?
iliocostalis lumborum
136
Which muscles attaching to the spinous process of T12 are not included in any muscle layer of the true back?
interspinalis
137
Which muscle(s) attach to the vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae?
longus colli, psoas major, and psoas minor
138
Which thoracic is first to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum brevis?
T1
139
Which thoracic is last to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum brevis?
T11
140
What joint classifications are present at T12?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and synovial (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint
141
Which erector spinae muscle will attach along the length of the thoracic spine?
longissimus
142
Which thoracic is the last to demonstrate an attachment at the transverse process for the semispinalis muscle group?
T12
143
Which thoracic is first to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum longus?
T7
144
Which thoracic is last to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum longus?
T10
145
Rhomboid minor will attach to the spinous process of which thoracic(s)?
T1 only
146
Rhomboid major will attach to the spinous process of which thoracic(s)?
T2-T5
147
Which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the serratus posterior superior?
T1-T3
148
Which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the serratus posterior inferior?
T11-T12
149
Which thoracics demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the splenius muscles?
T1-T6
150
Which thoracics demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the iliocostalis lumborum?
T11-T12
151
Which thoracics lack any spinalis muscle group attachment on their spinous process?
T9-T10
152
Which thoracic is the last to demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the semispinalis?
T6
