Unit 1 - IV. Basic Osteology of the Vertebral Column, Sternum and Ribs Flashcards
1
Q
What is the name given to the front of the C1 bony ring?
A
the anterior arch
2
Q
What osseous modification is observed to the front of the anterior arch of C1?
A
the anterior tubercle
3
Q
What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?
A
the fovea dentis
4
Q
What attaches behind the anterior arch of C1?
A
the lateral mass
5
Q
What is the name given to the upper margin of the lateral mass of C1?
A
the superior articular process
6
Q
What does the superior articular process of C1 support?
A
the superior articular facet
7
Q
What is the name given to the lower margin of the lateral mass of C1?
A
the inferior articular process
8
Q
What does the inferior articular process of C1 support?
A
the inferior articular facet
9
Q
What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?
A
tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament
10
Q
What attaches to the back of the lateral mass of C1?
A
the posterior arch
11
Q
What is identified in the midline at the back of the posterior arch of C1?
A
the posterior tubercle
12
Q
What superior surface modification of the posterior arch of C1 is present near the lateral mass?
A
groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery
13
Q
What superior surface modification is present near the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?
A
the arcuate rim
14
Q
What attaches to the arcuate rim of the posterior arch of atlas and to the superior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas?
A
a complete ponticulus posticus
15
Q
Based on the amount of bony union between the superior articular process and the arcuate rim of C1 what structure will form?
A
an incomplete ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus
16
Q
What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus?
A
arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal
17
Q
What is observed on the undersurface of the posterior arch of C1?
A
the inferior vertebral notch
18
Q
What is the name given to the triangular area of bone arising from the lateral mass of C1?
A
the transverse process
19
Q
What is the name given to the anterior part of the transverse process of C1?
A
the costal element
20
Q
What is the name given to the posterior part of the transverse process of C1?
A
the true transverse process
21
Q
What is the distal most part of the transverse process of C1?
A
the posterior tubercle
22
Q
What opening is identified in the transverse process of C1?
A
the transverse foramen
23
Q
What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?
A
the dens or odontoid process
24
Q
What surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?
A
facet for fovea dentis, groove for transverse atlantal ligament, attachment sites for the alar ligaments, attachment for the apical-dental ligament
25
What feature is identified on the anterior surface of the odontoid process of C2?
facet for fovea dentis
26
What feature is identified on the posterior surface of the odontoid process of C2?
groove for transverse atlantal ligament
27
What feature is identified on the superolateral margins of the odontoid process of C2?
attachment sites for the alar ligaments
28
What feature is identified on the tip of the odontoid process of C2?
attachment site for the apical-dental ligament
29
What feature is identified on the anterior surface of the vertebral body of C2?
the longus colli muscle attachment
30
What features are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?
the inferior epiphyseal rim and cancellous bone
31
What feature is identified on the anterior surface of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?
the anterior lip
32
What feature is identified on the posterior surface of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?
the posterior lip
33
What features are present at the lateral margins of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?
right and left lateral grooves
34
What features arise from the posterolateral margins of the vertebral body of C2?
the pedicles
35
What lies on the upper surface of the pedicle of C2?
the superior articular process
36
What covers the upper surface of the superior articular process of C2?
the superior articular facet
37
What is the location of the superior vertebral notch of C2?
on the lamina-pedicle junction
38
What feature is identified on the lower surface of the pedicle of C2?
the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure
39
What is the location of the inferior articular process of C2?
on the lamina-pedicle junction behind the inferior vertebral notch
40
What osseous parts of the typical cervical transverse process are present at C2?
costal element, posterior tubercle and true transverse process
41
What is the name given to the anterior part of the transverse process of C2?
the costal element
42
What is the name given to the posterior part of the transverse process of C2?
the true transverse process of C2
43
What is the distal most part of the transverse process of C2?
the posterior tubercle
44
What opening is identified in the transverse process of C2?
the transverse foramen
45
What is the characteristic appearance of the C2 spinous process in humans?
it is bifid
46
What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes
47
What are the names of the lateral modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
uncinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip
48
What is the anterior modification of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
anterior groove
49
What is the posterior modification of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
posterior groove
50
What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves
51
What is the name given to the lateral modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
lateral groove
52
What is the name given to the anterior modification of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
anterior lip
53
What is the name given to the posterior modification of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
posterior lip
54
What attaches to the posterolateral margin and in the center of a typical cervical vertebra body?
the pedicle
55
What surface feature is located at the upper margin of the pedicle?
superior vertebral notch
56
What surface feature is located at the lower margin of the pedicle?
inferior vertebral notch
57
What bony feature is attached to the posterior end of the pedicle?
the articular process
58
What is located at the top of the articular pillar?
the superior articular process
59
The superior articular process will provide support for what bone feature?
the superior articular facet
60
What is located at the bottom of the articular pillar?
the inferior articular process
61
The inferior articular process will provide support for what bone feature?
the inferior articular facet
62
What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?
the groove/sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
63
What bone feature is attached to the posterior part of the articular pillar?
the lamina
64
What is the direction of projection of the cervical lamina?
posteromedially
65
What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical?
ligamentum flavum
66
Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?
para-articular processes
67
To what parts of the typical cervical vertebra is the transverse process attached?
the vertebral body and the articular pillar
68
List, in order the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body.
costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process
69
What is the distal modification of the costal element of a typical vertebra?
the anterior tubercle
70
What is the distal modification of the true transverse process of typical cervicals?
the posterior tubercle
71
What bony feature connects the anterior and posterior tubercles of a typical cervical transverse process?
costotransverse bar or intertubercular lamella
72
What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?
sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
73
What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?
the carotid tubercle
74
What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process?
they are bifid
75
What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?
they are non-bifid
76
What is the osseous modification at the distal end of the spinous process?
the spinous tubercle
77
What surfaces are present on the superior epiphyseal rim of the vertebral body of C7?
anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes
78
What is the appearance of the inferior surface of the vertebral body of C7?
typically flat, lacking anterior and posterior lips characteristic of the typical cervicals
79
What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C7?
costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process
80
What are the features of the spinous process of C7?
long, horizontal, nonbifid
81
What is the outline of the vertebral body of T1 from superior view?
somewhat rectangular with curved anterior margins
82
What is the appearance of the vertebral body of T1 from the anterior view?
both sides will appear to be scalloped (indented) between the epiphyseal rims
83
What is the appearance of the superior surface of the vertebral body of T1?
it is somewhat cup-shaped with elevations at the posterior and lateral margin
84
What may elevations on the vertebral body of T1 represent?
uncinate processes
85
What is the appearance of the inferior surface of the vertebral body of T1?
typically flat, lacking anterior and posterior lips characteristic of the cervicals
86
What surfaces are present on the upper and lower margins of the T1 vertebral body?
the right and left superior costal facet & right and left inferior costal demi-facet
87
What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the vertebral body of T1?
the pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly laterally
88
What is the direction of the transverse process at T1?
the transverse process projects nearly straight out laterally
89
What is present at the tip of the transverse process of T1?
the transverse tubercle
90
What is present on the transverse tubercle of T1?
the transverse costal facet
91
What is the orientation of the transverse costal facets for T1?
they face forward and outward
92
What is the angulation of the spinous process of T1?
the undersurface of the T1 spinous processes will be nearly horizontal
93
What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?
the vertebral body, transverse process, articular process and spinous process
94
On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T2-T4 group?
the vertebral body will have bilaterally convex sides
95
On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T5-T8 group?
the left side of the vertebral body will be flattened, the right side convex
96
What is the appearance of the vertebral body from the anterior view for T2-T4?
both sides will appear to be scalloped (indented) between the epiphyseal rims
97
What is the name given to the left side of the vertebral bodyof T5-T8?
the aortic impression
98
What is the aortic impression?
the flattening of the superior and inferior epiphyseal rims on the left side of the vertebral body of T5-T8 which gives the vertebral body a less scalloped or less indented appearance on that side
99
What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?
the left side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims
100
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
the right and left superior and the right and left inferior costal demi-facets
101
Which of the demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?
the superior costal demi-facet
102
What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the typical thoracic vertebral body?
the pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly laterally
103
What is the appearance and position of the lamina in a typical thoracic?
the lamina is short, broad and thick and lies next to the spinous process
104
What is the direction of the transverse process in the typical thoracic?
the transverse process projects more posterior with each inferior vertebra
105
What is present at the tip of the transverse process of a typical thoracic?
the transverse tubercle
106
What is the distance between the transverse tubercles in the typical thoracic region?
from T2 each transverse diameter becomes shorter as the transverse processes angle more posterior
107
What is present on the transverse tubercle of a typical thoracic?
the transverse costal facet
108
What is the orientation of the transverse costal facets for T2-T6?
they face forward and outward
109
What is the orientation of the transverse costal facets for T7-T8?
they face forward, outward, and upward
110
How can you distinguish between a T2-T4 from T5-T8 segment using the articular process?
at T2-T4 the width between the superior articular processes is greater than the width between the inferior articular processes of that vertebra;
at T5-T8 the width between the superior articular processes is equal to or the same as the width between the inferior articular processes of that vertebra
111
How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare in the T2-T4 region?
the superior articular process transverse diameter is greater than the inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment
112
How do the transverse diameters of the articular process compare in the T5-T8 regions?
the superior articular process transverse diameter is the same as or equal to the inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment
113
What is the relationship of the inferior articular process and the lamina?
they blend together
114
What name is given to the region between the superior and inferior articular processes in the typical thoracics?
the pars interarticularis
115
What is the pars interarticularis?
the region between the superior and inferior articular processes
116
What part of a vertebra arises laterally from the pars interarticularis?
the transverse process
117
What part of a vertebra arises medially from the pars interarticularis?
the lamina
118
What is the orientation of the spinous process of a typical thoracic?
they slant backward and downward
119
What is the angulation of the spinous process of T2-T4?
the undersurface of T2-T4 spinous processes will angle up to forty degrees from the horizontal plane
120
What is the angulation of the spinous process of T5-T8?
the undersurface of T5-T8 spinous processes will angle up to sixty degrees from the horizontal plane
121
Which vertebrae will have a spinous process angulation up to forty degrees?
T2-T4
122
Which vertebrae will have a spinous process angulation up to sixty degrees?
T5-T8
123
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T9?
right and left superior costal demi-facets; right and left inferior costal demi-facets
124
Which synovial joint surfaces may be absent from the vertebral body of T9?
inferior costal demi-facets
125
Which of the demi-facets on the vertebral body of T9 is larger?
the superior costal demi-facet
126
How does the superior costal demi-facet compar in size with those of T2-T8?
it is larger
127
What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the vertebral body at T9?
the pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly laterally
128
What is present at the tip of the transverse process of T9?
the transverse tubercle
129
What is present on the transverse tubercle of T9?
the transverse costal facet
130
Which rib related facet may be absent on T9?
the inferior costal demi-facet
131
What is the orientation of the spinous process of T9?
posterior and slightly inferior, it will shorten and become more horizontal
132
What is the angulation of the spinous process of T9?
the undersurface of T9 spinous processes will angle less than forty degrees from the horizontal plane
133
What is the name of the osseous feature at the tip of the spinous process?
the spinous tubercle
134
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T10?
the right and left superior costal facet
135
Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T10?
inferior costal demi-facets
136
What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the vertebral body at T10?
the pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly laterally
137
What feature is very commonly observed on the lamina of T10?
para-articular processes
138
What is present at the tip of the transverse process of T10?
the transverse tubercle
139
What is typically present on the transverse tubercle of T10?
the transverse costal facet
140
What part of the transverse process may be absent on T10?
the transverse costal facet
141
Identify the synovial joint surfaces typically present on T10?
two superior costal facets, two transverse costal facets, two superior articular facets, two inferior articular facets
142
What is the orientation of the spinous process of T10?
posterior and slightly inferior, it will shorten and become more horizontal
143
What is the length of the spinous process of T10?
it will shorten significantly from the spinous process of T9
144
What is the generic appearance of the spinous process of T10?
shorter and more horizontal than the T9 spinous process
145
What is the name of the osseous feature at the tip of the spinous process?
the spinous tubercle
146
What is the outline of the vertebral body of T11 on superior view?
kidney-shaped or reniform
147
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T11?
the right and left superior costal facet
148
Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T11?
inferior costal demi-facets
149
What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the vertebral body at T11?
the pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly laterally
150
What is present at the tip of the transverse process of T11?
the transverse tubercle
151
What part of the transverse process is absent on T11?
the transverse costal facet
152
What is the orientation of the spinous process of T11?
posterior and horizontal along the undersurface
153
What is the length of the spinous process of T11?
it will lengthen significantly from the spinous process of T10
154
What is the generic appearance of the spinous process of T11?
longer and more horizontal along the undersurface than T10
155
What is the name of the osseous feature at the tip of the spinous process?
the spinous tubercle
156
What is the outline of the vertebral body of T12 on superior view?
kidney-shaped or reniform
157
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T12?
the right and left superior costal facet
158
Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T11?
inferior costal demi-facets
159
What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the vertebral body at T12?
the pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior
160
What is present at the transverse process region of T12?
three tubercles of variable size
161
Which tubercle on T12 represents the transverse process?
the lateral tubercle
162
What does the lateral tubercle of T12 represent?
the transverse process
163
Which tubercle on T12 represents the mammillary process of the lumbars?
the superior tubercle
164
What does the superior tubercle of T12 represent?
the mammillary process of lumbar vertebrae
165
Which tubercle on T12 represents the accessory process of the lumbars?
the inferior tubercle
166
What does the inferior tubercle of T12 represent?
the accessory process of lumbar vertebrae
167
What is the location of the lateral tubercle?
it projects laterally from the pars interarticularis of T12
168
What is the location of the superior tubercle?
it projects superiorly over the superior articular facet from the pars interarticularis of T12
169
What is the location of the inferior tubercle?
it projects from the pars interarticularis of T12 in a plane that is inferior to the superior tubercle and medial to the lateral tubercle
170
Which is the smallest of the tubercles at the transverse process region of T12?
the inferior tubercle
171
What joint surface of the typical thoracic transverse process is absent on T12?
the transverse costal facet
172
What is the curvature of the superior articular facets of T12?
they are said to be slightly concave
173
What is the curvature of the inferior articular facets of T12?
they are significantly convex
174
What is the orientation of the spinous process of T12?
posterior and horizontal
175
What is the length of the spinous process of T12?
it is similar to the spinous process of T11
176
What is the generic appearance of the spinous process of T12?
lumbar-like, similar in length to T11
177
What is the name of the osseous feature at the tip of the spinous process?
the spinous process
178
What is the generic size of the typical lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view?
transversely broad
179
What is the generic shape of the typical lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view?
reniform or kidney-shaped
180
What parts of the vertebra may be used to distinguish L1-L4 from L5?
vertebral body, pedicle, articular process, transverse process, spinous process
181
What characteristic(s) of the L1-L4 vertebral body may be used to differentiate it from the L5 segment? Be specific and complete as the difference(s) on a segment from each group.
On cranial view, the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on a L1-L4 segment. At L5 the transverse process originates from the vertebral body, pedicle and lamina-pedicle region. In addition, the vertebral body of L5 is more wedge-shaped on lateral view with a much greater anterior height than posterior height
182
The pedicle attaches at what location on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?
to the upper third or half of the vertebral body
183
What is the distal modification of the transverse process of typical lumbars?
the transverse tubercle
184
What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?
accessory process
185
What is the name of the lamina-pedicle junction of typical lumbar vertebrae?
pars interarticularis
186
What is the name of the prominent linear elevation in the lumbar spine between superior and inferior articular processes?
pars interarticularis
187
What is characteristic of the L1-L4 articular processes?
The transverse diameter (width between/distance between) superior articular processes of an L1-L4 segment will be greater than the transverse diameter (width between/distance between) the inferior articular processes of that same segment
188
What is the name given to the projection on the lumbar superior articular process?
mammillary process
189
What is the usual condition for typical lumbar spinous process?
they are non-bifid
190
What is the usual appearance of the typical lumbar spinous process?
rectangular with the long axis in the superior-inferior orientation
191
What is the osseous modification at the distal end of the spinous process?
the spinous tubercle
192
What is the generic size of the fifth lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view?
transversely broad
193
What is the generic shape of the fifth lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view?
reniform or kidney-shaped
194
What characteristic(s) of the L1-L4 vertebral body may be used to differentiate it from the L5 segment? Be specific and complete as the difference(s) on a segment from each group.
On cranial view, the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on a L1-L4 segment. At L5 the transverse process originates from the vertebral body, pedicle and lamina-pedicle region. In addition, the vertebral body of L5 is more wedge-shaped on lateral view with a much greater anterior height than posterior height
195
What characteristic of the L1-L4 pedicle may be used to differentiate it from the L5 segment? Be specific and complete as the difference(s) on a segment from each group.
On cranial view, the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on a L1-L4 segment. At L5 the transverse process originates from the vertebral body, pedicle and lamina-pedicle region
196
What is the generic direction and length of the fifth lumbar transverse process?
it is directed straight lateral and is the shortest of all lumbar transverse processes
197
What is the distal modification of the transverse process of the fifth lumbar?
the transverse tubercle
198
What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?
accessory process
199
What is the name of the lamina-pedicle junction of the fifth lumbar vertebrae?
pars interarticularis
200
What is the name of the prominent linear elevation in the lumbar spine between superior and inferior articular processes?
pars interarticularis
201
What is the name given to the projection on the lumbar superior articular process?
mammillary process
202
What is the usual condition for the fifth lumbar spinous process?
it is non-bifid and short
203
What is the usual appearance of the fifth lumbar spinous process?
rectangular with the long axis in the superior-inferior orientation
204
What is the osseous modification at the distal end of the spinous process?
the spinous tubercle
205
What is the typical number of segments that unite to form the adult sacrum?
5 segments
206
An imaginary line drawn along the dorsal midline of sacrum is identified as the ___.
median sacral crest
207
What forms the median sacral crest?
fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles
208
An imaginary line drawn from the superior articular process of S1 to the sacral cornu will form what feature?
intermediate sacral crest
209
What forms the intermediate sacral crest?
fused articular processes and their facets
210
What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?
the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5
211
What does the sacral cornu represent?
the inferior articular process and facet of S5
212
What is the remnant of the inferior articular process and facet of S5?
the sacral cornu
213
What is the name of the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal?
the sacral hiatus
214
What is the sacral hiatus?
the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal which appears as an inverted V
215
An imaginary line drawn from the transverse process of S1 to the inferior lateral sacral angle will form what feature?
the lateral sacral crest
216
What forms the lateral sacral crest?
the fused transverse processes and transverse tubercles from S1 to S5
217
What features may be identified along the lateral sacral crest?
S1 transverse tubercle, sacral tuberosity of S2, transverse tubercles of S3, S4, and S5
218
What is the sacral tuberosity?
the enlarged transverse tubercle of S2
219
What feature is associated with the transverse tubercle of S5?
the inferior and lateral (inferolateral) sacral angle
220
From the anterior view, the intervertebral discs of sacrum will be replaced by what feature?
transverse ridges
221
What is the name given to the openings that transmit the ventral sacral nerve rami?
anterior sacral foramina, ventral sacral foramina, or ventral pelvic foramina
222
What feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?
auricular surface
223
What feature does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1 form?
the sacral promontory
224
What is the sacral promontory?
the buldging anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1
225
What is the name given to the region of bone extending laterally from the S1 vertebral body looking from the base view?
sacral ala
226
What forms the sacral ala?
the costal element and true transverse process
227
What part of the sacral ala is derived from the costal element?
the anterior two-thirds
228
What part of the sacral ala is derived from the true tansverse process?
the posterior third
229
The costal element and true transverse process of sacrum unite to form what feature?
the sacral ala
230
What is the typical number of segments that unite to form the adult coccyx?
4 segments
231
What bony features are present on the coccyx?
all segments are represented by a "vertebral body"; in addition, Co1 has a coccygeal cornu and transverse process
232
What is the homolog of the superior articular process and facet on Co1?
coccygeal cornu
233
What feature is present at the top of the manubrium sterni?
jugular notch (suprasternal notch)
234
What is the name given to the articular site at the superolateral margin of the manubrium sterni?
clavicular notch
235
What names are given to the articular sites for the joint with the first and second rib?
costal notch I for the first rib costal cartilage;
| costa notch II for the second rib costal cartilage
236
How many sternabrae for the corpus sterni?
4 sternabrae
237
What surface feature on the corpus sterni identifies the location of the old synchondroses?
transverse lines
238
What articular sites for the costal cartilage of ribs will be identified on the corpus sterni?
costal notches II-VII
239
What feature of the corpus sterni is present in 4-7% of the population?
a sternal foramen
240
What are the primary parts of the vertebral end of a typical rib?
the head, neck and tubercle
241
What features may be identified on the head of a typical rib?
two articular surfaces and the interarticular crest
242
What names are given to the articular surfaces on the head of a typical rib based on location?
superior articular surface/facet and inferior articular surface/facet
243
What feature of the head of a rib seperates the superior from inferior articular surface/facet?
the interarticular crest
244
What features may be identified on the neck of a typical rib?
the crest of the rib
245
What features may be identified on the tubercle of a typical rib?
the articular surface of the tubercle and the non-articular surface of the tubercle
246
Which feature of the tubercle of a typical rib is closer to the head of the rib?
the articular surface of the tubercle
247
Which feature of the tubercle of a typical rib is closer to the shaft of the rib?
the non-articular surface of the tubercle
248
What features may be identified on the body (corpus or shaft) of a typical rib?
the costal angle and costal groove
249
What is the costal angle of a rib?
the location on the body (corpus or shaft) of the rib where there is a directional change toward the sternum
250
What is the costal groove of a rib?
the linear depression on the internal and inferior surface of the body (corpus or shaft)
251
What is present on the head of the first rib?
a single articular surface
252
What is lacking at the head of the first rib?
the interarticular crest
253
Is there a crest on the neck of the first rib?
not a well-developed one like on the typical rib
254
What features may be identified on the tubercle of the first rib?
the articular surface of the tubercle and the non-articular surface of the tubercle
255
Which feature of the tubercle of the first rib is closer to the head of the rib?
the articular surface of the tubercle
256
Which feature of the tubercle of the first rib is closer to the shaft of the rib?
the non-articular surface of the tubercle
257
What is unique about the body (corpus or shaft) of the first rib?
the body (corpus or shaft) of the first rib is flattened and has a scalene tubercle flanked by the groove for the subclavian artery and the groove for the subclavian vein
258
Which groove on the body (corpus or shaft) of the first rib is close to the vertebral end?
the groove for the subclavian artery and the first thoracic nerve
259
Which groove on the body (corpus or shaft) of the first rib is close to the sternal end?
the groove for the subclavian vein
260
Is either the costal angle or costal groove apparent on the first rib
Neither the costal angle nor the costal groove are apparent on the first rib
261
What are the primary parts of the vertebral end of rib 2?
the head, neck and tubercle
262
What features may be identified on the head of rib 2?
two articular surfaces and the interarticular crest
263
What names are given to the articular surfaces on the head of rib 2 based on location?
superior articular surface/facet and inferior articular surface/facet
264
What feature of the head of rib 2 seperates the superior from inferior articular surface/facet?
the interarticular crest
265
What feature may be identified on the neck of rib 2?
the crest of the rib
266
What features may be identified on the tubercle of rib 2?
the articular suface of the tubercle and the non-articular surface of the tubercle
267
Which feature of the tubercle of rib 2 is closer to the head of the rib?
the articular surface of the tubercle
268
Which feature of the tubercle of rib 2 is closer to the shaft of the rib?
the non-articular surface of the tubercle
269
What features may be identified on the body (corpus or shaft) of rib 2?
the tuberosity for the serratus anterior, the costal angle and the costal groove
270
What is the costal angle of a rib?
the location on the body (corpus or shaft) of the rib where there is a directional change toward the sternum
271
What is the costal groove of a rib?
the linear depression on the internal and inferior surface of the body (corpus or shaft)
272
What unique feature is present on the body (corpus or shat) of the second rib?
the tuberosity for the serratus anterior
273
What distinguishes the vertebral end of rib 11 from typical ribs?
the single articular surface, absence of a well-developed crest on the neck and the tubercle may be absent or if present, consists only of a non-articular surface
274
What features may be present on the body (corpus or shaft) of the eleventh rib?
the costal angle and costal groove are under-developed
275
What is the appearance of the sternal end of the eleventh rib?
it is somewhat pointed
276
What helps to distinguish the vertebral end of the twelfth rib from other ribs?
the head has a single articular surface, the crest of the neck is poorly developed, the tubercle is absent
277
What is the condition of the body (corpus or shaft) of rib 12?
the costal angle and costal groove are absent and it is the shortest of all ribs
278
What is the appearance of the sternal end of the twelfth rib?
the sternal end is pointed
