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Spinal Anatomy > Unit 2 - VI. Regions of the Vertebral Column: Thoracic or Dorsal Region > Flashcards

Unit 2 - VI. Regions of the Vertebral Column: Thoracic or Dorsal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Which thoracic segments are considered the typical thoracics?

A

T2-T8 segments

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2
Q

Which thoracic segments are considered the atypical thoracics?

A

T1, T9-T12

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3
Q

What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?

A

the vertebral body, transverse process, articular process and spinous process

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4
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral body of a typical thoracic from superior view?

A

triangular

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5
Q

On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T2-T4 group?

A

the vertebral body will have bilaterally convex sides

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6
Q

On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T5-T8 group?

A

the left side of the vertebral body will be flattened, the right side convex

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7
Q

What is the appearance of the vertebral body from the anterior view for T2-T4?

A

both sides will appear to be scalloped (indented) between the epiphyseal rims

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8
Q

What is the appearance of the vertebral body from the anterior view for T5-T8?

A

the left side will appear to be less scalloped (indented) between the epiphyseal rims compared to the right side

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9
Q

What is the cause for the flattening of the left side of the vertebral body on T5-T8?

A

The descending thoracic aorta will come to lie on the left side of the vertebral body in this region and prevent the epiphyseal plate cartilage from deforming as much as on the right side. When the epiphyseal plates ossify, the epiphyseal rim will not be pushed out as far on the left so that side of the vertebral body appears to be less scalloped.

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10
Q

What is the name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?

A

the aortic impression

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11
Q

What is the aortic impression?

A

the flattening of the superior and inferior epiphyseal rims on the left side of the vertebral body of T5-T8 which gives the vertebral body a less scalloped or less indented appearance on that side

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12
Q

What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?

A

the left side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims

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13
Q

What is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body?

A

the posterior height is greater than the anterior height by one to two millimeters

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14
Q

What is the height pattern of intervertebral discs in the typical thoracic region?

A

the intervertebral discs are rather planar or flat with no apparent height difference between anterior and posterior heights

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15
Q

What is the principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine?

A

the vertebral body height differences

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16
Q

In terms of the anterior-posterior curves of the vertebral column, what direction will the thoracic spine face?

A

posterior

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17
Q

What is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern?

A

a kyphotic curve

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18
Q

What joints are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A
  • vertebral body to anterior longitudinal ligament at the epiphyseal rims
  • vertebral body to posterior longitudinal ligament at the epiphyseal rims
  • vertebral body to vertebral body via the intervertebral discs
  • vertebral body to capitulum of a rib (costocentral joint)
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19
Q

What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

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20
Q

What are the examples of fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joints at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A
  • superior and inferior epiphyseal rim to anterior longitudinal ligament
  • superior and inferior epiphyseal rim to posterior longitudinal ligament
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21
Q

What are the examples of cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joints at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A
  • superior epiphyseal rim to intervertebral disc

- inferior epiphyseal rim to intervertebral disc

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22
Q

What are the examples of synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joints at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A
  • right and left superior costal demi-facet to inferior articular surface of the rib head
  • right and left inferior costal demi-facet to superior articular surface of the rib head
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23
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

four

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24
Q

How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

two

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25
Q

How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

typically four are identified (as many as eight if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

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26
Q

How many joints are formed at the ventral body of a typical thoracic?

A

typically ten (fourteen if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

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27
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed between the vertebral body and rib?

A

costocentral joint

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28
Q

How many costocentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

29
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

the right and left superior and the right and left inferior costal demi-facets

30
Q

What is the relationship between the vertebral body surface and the rib head surface in the costocentral joint of a typical thoracic?

A
  • the superior costal demi-facet of the vertebral body will joint with the inferior articular surface of the head of the rib
  • the inferior costal demi-facet of the vertebral body will joint with the superior articular surface of the head of the rib
31
Q

Which of the demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?

A

the superior costal demi-facet

32
Q

What feature will provide assistance in maintaining the stability of the intervertebral foramen in the typical thoracics?

A

the costocentral joint or ribs

33
Q

What is the rib-vertebral body combination at the intervertebral foramen for the ___ nerve? Let’s use the T6 nerve.

A
  • the inferior costal demi-facet of T6 will joint with the superior articular surface of the head of the seventh rib
  • the superior costal demi-facet of T7 will joint with the inferior articular surface of the head of the seventh rib
34
Q

What ligaments support the costocentral joint?

A

the costocentral stellate/radiate ligament and the costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament

35
Q

To what structures will the costocentral stellate/radiate ligament attach?

A

the head of the rib, both vertebral bodies in the vertebral couple and the intervertebral disc

36
Q

The costocentral stellate/radiate ligament will attach to which segment(s) at the T3 spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

A

the vertebral body of T3 and the vertebral body of T4

37
Q

What does the costocentral intra-articular or interarticular ligament connect to?

A

the interarticular or intra-articular crest of the head of the rib and the intervertebral disc

38
Q

What is the size relationship between the articulating surface of the head of the rib and the costal demi-facet surface?

A

the rib surface is greater than the costal demi-facet surface

39
Q

Which muscle(s) is attached to the vertebral body of T2 or T3?

A

the longus colli

40
Q

What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the typical thoracic vertebral body?

A

the pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly laterally

41
Q

What is the angulation of the pedicle in the typical thoracic region?

A

ten to fifteen degrees posterolateral from the sagittal plane

42
Q

Which X-ray view is used to see into the intervertebral foramen of a typical thoracic?

A

the lateral view

43
Q

Which vertebral notch or incisure is said to be prominent?

A

the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

44
Q

What is the nerve-vertebral body relationship at the typical thoracic intervertebral foramen?

A

in the intervertebral foramen, the number of the nerve is the same as the number of the upper thoracic in the vertebral couple

45
Q

What is the rib-vertebral body relationship at the typical thoracic intervertebral foramen?

A

in the intervertebral foramen, the number of the rib is the same as the number of the lower thoracic in the vertebral couple

46
Q

What is the appearance and position of the lamina in a typical thoracic?

A

the lamina is short, broad and thick and lies next to the spinous process

47
Q

What is overlap of the lamina called in the typical thoracic region?

48
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen in the typical thoracic region?

A

oval to circular

49
Q

In which plane will the size of the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic be greatest?

A

the transverse plane, the vertebral transverse diameter

50
Q

What is the direction of the transverse process in the typical thoracics?

A

the transverse process projects more posterior with each inferior vertebra

51
Q

What is present at the tip of the transverse process of a typical thoracic?

A

the transverse tubercle

52
Q

What is the distance between the transverse tubercles in the typical thoracic region?

A

from T2 each transverse diameter becomes shorter as the transverse processes angle more posterior

53
Q

What is present on the transverse tubercle of a typical thoracic?

A

the transverse costal facet

54
Q

What is the rib-transverse process relationship for the typical thoracics?

A

the number of the rib is the same as the number of the vertebra whose transverse process is being studied; fifth rib with T5 transverse process

55
Q

What is the orientation of the transverse costal facets for T2-T6?

A

they face forward and outward

56
Q

What is the orientation of the transverse costal facets for T7-T8?

A

they face forward, outward, and upward

57
Q

What is the classification of the costotransverse joint?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

58
Q

What are the osseous parts of the costotransverse joint?

A

the transverse costal facet and the articular surface of the tubercle of a rib

59
Q

What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic?

A

the superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, and lateral costotransverse ligaments

60
Q

The superior costotransverse ligament of rib five will attach to which vertebral feature?

A

the transverse process of T4

61
Q

The superior costotransverse ligament of the transverse process of T4 will attach to rib ___.

62
Q

The inferior costotransverse ligament of rib five will attach to which vertebral feature?

A

the transverse process of T5

63
Q

The inferior costotransverse ligament of the transverse process of T5 will attach to rib ___.

64
Q

The lateral costotransverse ligament of rib five will attach to which segmental bony feature?

A

the transverse process of T5

65
Q

The lateral costotransverse ligament of the transverse process of T5 will attach to rib ___.

66
Q

What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?

A

intertransverse, capsular costotransverse, superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments

67
Q

Which joint classification is associated with the intertransverse, superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint

68
Q

Which muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?

A
  • longissimus thoracis
  • longissimus cervicis
  • longissimus capitis
  • semispinalis thoracis
  • semispinalis cervicis
  • semispinalis capitis
  • multifidus
  • rotator longus
  • rotator brevis
  • intertransversarii
  • levator costarum longus
  • levator costarum brevis
69
Q

Of the muscles attaching to the transverse process of typical thoracics, which ones will attach only to the T5-T8 vertebral segments?

A

semispinalis thoracis and levator costarum longus

Spinal Anatomy (12 decks)

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