Unit 1 - V. An Introduction to Basic Arthrology Flashcards
what term is used to identify the study of joints?
arthrology
What term is used to identify the study of ligaments?
syndesmology
What are the three histological classifications of joints?
fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial fluid
What were the three Latin classifications of joints based on movement potential?
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis
Which classification of synarthrosis joints implies a bond condition?
syndesmosis
What is the classification of a joint held together with cartilage?
synchondrosis
What is the classification of a joint formed by a growth condition?
symphysis
What are the two subclassifications of amphiarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?
synchondrosis, symphysis
What is the classification of a plane or gliding synovial joint?
arthrodia
What is the classification of a hinge type synovial joint?
ginglymus
What is the classification of a pivot type synovial joint?
trochoid
What is the classification of a knuckle type synovial joint?
condylar or bicondylar
What is the classification of an oval-like synovial joint?
ellipsoidal
What is the classification of a saddle type synovial joint?
sellar
What is the classification of a ball and socket synovial joint?
cotyloid, spheroidal or enarthrosis
What term is now used to identify the synarthrosis joint type?
fibrous joints
What is the name given to a condition in which bones are fused together by bone?
synostosis
What fibrous connective tissue classically fills the joint space of a syndesmosis?
a ligament
What is the synonym for amphiarthrosis joints?
cartilage joint
Which classification of cartilage joint is the first to appear developmentally?
(amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis
Which cartilage joint forms between ossification centers within a cartilage template?
(amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis
Which classification of cartilage joint is primary, temporary, composed of hyaline cartilage and form between ossification centers within a cartilage template?
(amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis
What are the characteristics of the (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis?
they are primary cartilage joints, temporary in longevity, composed of hyaline cartilage and form between ossification centers within a cartilage template
Which cartilage joint classification would be considered secondary?
(amphiarthrosis) symphysis
Which cartilage joint occurs between bones formed by endochondral ossification?
(amphiarthrosis) symphysis
Which classification of cartilage joint is secondary, permanent, composed of fibrous cartilage (fibrocartilage) and occurs between bones formed by endochondral ossification?
(amphiarthrosis) symphysis
What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?
articular or fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage and synovial fluid
What are the classifications of synovial joints (diarthroses) based on?
- the number of articulating surfaces,
- the degree/s of freedom and/or types of movement and 3. the morphological appearance of the bony surfaces or the shape of the joint cavity
What movements are accomodated by arthrodial synovial joints?
translational movement, a plane or gliding movement
What examples of synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial) joints occur along the vertebral column?
most zygapophyses of the vertebral column
Diarthrosis trochoid joints are commonly called ___ joints based on action.
synovial joint
What is an example of synovial joint (diarthrosis trochoid) joints along the vertebral column?
median atlanto-axial joint
What is the shared morphological characteristic of diarthrosis trochoid joints?
an osseous pivot point and an osteo-ligamentous ring
What are the parts of the median atlanto-axial joint?
In the median atlanto-axial joint, the pivot point is the dens or odontoid process of C2 and it is stationary while the osteo-ligamentous ring formed by the anterior arch of C1 and the transverse atlantal ligament rotates.
What is a common name for the diarthrosis sellar joint?
synovial saddle joint
What example of synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint is identified along the spine?
the joint of Luschka of typical cervicals is a modified sellar joint
Which joint classification exhibits a knuckle-shaped surface on one side of the joint and a concave surface on the other side?
diarthrosis condylar
What example of the diarthrosis condylar joint is identified along the spine?
the atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis condylar joint
Which joint classification exhibits a knuckle-shaped surface on one side of the joint and an elliptical, concave surface of the other side?
diarthrosis ellipsoidal
What example of the diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint is identified along the spine?
the atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint
Which synovial joint classifications are now often interchanged in textbooks?
ellipsoidal and condylar synovial joints
