Unit 1 - V. An Introduction to Basic Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

what term is used to identify the study of joints?

A

arthrology

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2
Q

What term is used to identify the study of ligaments?

A

syndesmology

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3
Q

What are the three histological classifications of joints?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial fluid

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4
Q

What were the three Latin classifications of joints based on movement potential?

A

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis

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5
Q

Which classification of synarthrosis joints implies a bond condition?

A

syndesmosis

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6
Q

What is the classification of a joint held together with cartilage?

A

synchondrosis

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7
Q

What is the classification of a joint formed by a growth condition?

A

symphysis

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8
Q

What are the two subclassifications of amphiarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?

A

synchondrosis, symphysis

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9
Q

What is the classification of a plane or gliding synovial joint?

A

arthrodia

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10
Q

What is the classification of a hinge type synovial joint?

A

ginglymus

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11
Q

What is the classification of a pivot type synovial joint?

A

trochoid

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12
Q

What is the classification of a knuckle type synovial joint?

A

condylar or bicondylar

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13
Q

What is the classification of an oval-like synovial joint?

A

ellipsoidal

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14
Q

What is the classification of a saddle type synovial joint?

A

sellar

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15
Q

What is the classification of a ball and socket synovial joint?

A

cotyloid, spheroidal or enarthrosis

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16
Q

What term is now used to identify the synarthrosis joint type?

A

fibrous joints

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17
Q

What is the name given to a condition in which bones are fused together by bone?

A

synostosis

18
Q

What fibrous connective tissue classically fills the joint space of a syndesmosis?

A

a ligament

19
Q

What is the synonym for amphiarthrosis joints?

A

cartilage joint

20
Q

Which classification of cartilage joint is the first to appear developmentally?

A

(amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis

21
Q

Which cartilage joint forms between ossification centers within a cartilage template?

A

(amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis

22
Q

Which classification of cartilage joint is primary, temporary, composed of hyaline cartilage and form between ossification centers within a cartilage template?

A

(amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis

23
Q

What are the characteristics of the (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis?

A

they are primary cartilage joints, temporary in longevity, composed of hyaline cartilage and form between ossification centers within a cartilage template

24
Q

Which cartilage joint classification would be considered secondary?

A

(amphiarthrosis) symphysis

25
Which cartilage joint occurs between bones formed by endochondral ossification?
(amphiarthrosis) symphysis
26
Which classification of cartilage joint is secondary, permanent, composed of fibrous cartilage (fibrocartilage) and occurs between bones formed by endochondral ossification?
(amphiarthrosis) symphysis
27
What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?
articular or fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage and synovial fluid
28
What are the classifications of synovial joints (diarthroses) based on?
1. the number of articulating surfaces, 2. the degree/s of freedom and/or types of movement and 3. the morphological appearance of the bony surfaces or the shape of the joint cavity
29
What movements are accomodated by arthrodial synovial joints?
translational movement, a plane or gliding movement
30
What examples of synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial) joints occur along the vertebral column?
most zygapophyses of the vertebral column
31
Diarthrosis trochoid joints are commonly called ___ joints based on action.
synovial joint
32
What is an example of synovial joint (diarthrosis trochoid) joints along the vertebral column?
median atlanto-axial joint
33
What is the shared morphological characteristic of diarthrosis trochoid joints?
an osseous pivot point and an osteo-ligamentous ring
34
What are the parts of the median atlanto-axial joint?
In the median atlanto-axial joint, the pivot point is the dens or odontoid process of C2 and it is stationary while the osteo-ligamentous ring formed by the anterior arch of C1 and the transverse atlantal ligament rotates.
35
What is a common name for the diarthrosis sellar joint?
synovial saddle joint
36
What example of synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint is identified along the spine?
the joint of Luschka of typical cervicals is a modified sellar joint
37
Which joint classification exhibits a knuckle-shaped surface on one side of the joint and a concave surface on the other side?
diarthrosis condylar
38
What example of the diarthrosis condylar joint is identified along the spine?
the atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis condylar joint
39
Which joint classification exhibits a knuckle-shaped surface on one side of the joint and an elliptical, concave surface of the other side?
diarthrosis ellipsoidal
40
What example of the diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint is identified along the spine?
the atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint
41
Which synovial joint classifications are now often interchanged in textbooks?
ellipsoidal and condylar synovial joints