Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spinal Anatomy > Unit 2 - VI. Regions of the Vertebral Column: Cervical Region (Just Quizzies) > Flashcards

Unit 2 - VI. Regions of the Vertebral Column: Cervical Region (Just Quizzies) Flashcards

1
Q

Which mammals do not have seven cervical vertebrae?

A

the two-toed sloth, manatee, ant bear, and three-toed sloth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

ant bear, three-toed sloth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

two-toed sloth, manatee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in the typical cervical spine?

A

seven segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which vertebrae are typical cervicals?

A

C3-C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?

A

C1, C2, C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view?

A

rectangular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?

A

posterior or kyphotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

the intervertebral disc height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

anterior or lordotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which vertebral couples will demonstrate a decrease in intervertebral disc height?

A

C2/C3 down to C4/C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

A

C5/C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the names of the lateral modification of the superior epiphyseal rim?

A

uncinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the joint classification for the anterior lip-anterior longitudinal ligament-anterior groove articulation?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior longitudinal ligament-posterior groove articulation?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

A

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many joints are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

five

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many joints are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

five

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many total joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

ten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the name given to the uncinate process-later groove articulation?

A

joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The joint of Luschka is formed from what surfaces?

A

the uncinate process and lateral groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many total synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?

A

it appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion-extension and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

A

the longus colli muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical?

A

posterolateral, 45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

In the vertebral couple, which cervical vertebral body will contribute more toward the height of the intervertebral foramen?

A

neither, both contribute equally to the intervertebral foramen height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the direction of the projection of the cervical lamina?

A

posteromedially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical?

A

ligamentum flavum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum and its attachment?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?

A

para-articular processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be associated with which classification of bone?

A

accessory bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Ossification within the length of the ligamentum flavum will be associated with which classification of bone?

A

heterotopic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

heart-shaped or triangular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical cervicals?

A

transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at ___.

A

C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?

A

C5/C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What osseous parts form the typical cervical vertebra transverse process?

A

costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransversarii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

splenius cervicis, ilicostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, posterior scalene, rotators and posterior intertransversarii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?

A

middle scalene and posterior intertransversarii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What produces the primary tension on the transverse process that will cause remodeling in the anterolateral and inferior directions?

A

cervical spinal nerves as they are directed anterolaterally and inferiorly to form the cervical and brachial plexuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?

A

sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?

A

60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

A

the carotid tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?

A

the vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?

A

the groove/sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?

A

40 to 45 degrees from the coronal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Recent work suggests what angulation for typical cervical articular facets?

A

55 to 60 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What muscles will attach to the typical cervical articular processes?

A

the longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis and rotators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses?

A

the semispinalis capitis, miltifidis and rotator longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the joint classification for the typical cervical zygapophysis?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?

A

meniscoidal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What function will meniscoidal folds provide in cervical zygapophyses?

A

they are assumed to distribute pressure across the joint surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

The greatest range of flexion-extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?

A

typically C5/C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?

A

lateral bending and axial rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples?

A

the C2/C3, C3/C4, C4/C5 vertebral couples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?

A

the C5/C6 vertebral couple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process?

A

they are bifid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?

A

they are non-bifid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A

the spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What ligaments will attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A

the interspinous ligament and ligamentum nuchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

the lateral groove and vertebral body of the segment above, the uncinate process and vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc and the posterior longitudinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

the inferior articular process (post-zygapophysis), the superior articular process (pre-zygapophysis), the capsular ligament and the ligamentum flavum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What will form the superior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What will form the inferior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

the superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What is the unique anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen for the C4 spinal nerve?

A

the lateral groove of C3 and uncinate process of C4 forming the joint of Luschka

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

A

atlas

73
Q

What features are lacking at C1?

A

vertebral body, pedicles, a spinous process and the intervertebral disc

74
Q

What is thought to represent the pedicle at C1?

A

the anterior arch

75
Q

What osseous modification is observed to the front of the anterior arch of C1?

A

the anterior tubercle

76
Q

What muscle attaches to anterior arch of C1?

A

longus colli

77
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1?

A

the anterior longitudinal, anterior atlanto-occipital and anterior atlanto-axial ligaments

78
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

A

the fovea dentis

79
Q

What joint classifications are observed on the anterior arch of C1?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint and synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint

80
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

they are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

81
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

82
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-occipital zygapophysis?

A

synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint

83
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

84
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, medial, downward (BMD)

85
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-axial zygapophysis?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

86
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?

A

tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

87
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

A

levator scapula, splenius cervicis and rectus capitis anterior

88
Q

What part of C1 represents the spinous process?

A

posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

89
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender?

A

males: about fifty millimeters
females: about thirty-seven millimeters

90
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

91
Q

What superior surface modifications of the posterior arch of C1 are present?

A

groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery and arcuate rim

92
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1?

A

the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

93
Q

Ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligaments results in which atypical bone classification?

A

accessory bone

94
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed?

A

about age 7 years old

95
Q

Based on the amount of ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament what structures will form?

A

an incomplete ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus

96
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus?

A

arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

97
Q

Ponticulus posticus has been observed in what ethnic populations?

A

all ethnic populations studied thus far

98
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied?

A

1%-41%

99
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus?

A

female

100
Q

What is the incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus versus an incomplete ponticulus posticus?

A

the incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus is about fifteen percent; the incidence of an incomplete ponticulus posticus may be as high as forty-one percent

101
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1?

A

costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

102
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1?

A

rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior and intertransversarii muscles

103
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

104
Q

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called?

A

myodural bridges

105
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?

A

the lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

106
Q

What forms of the lateral bridges are observed in the population?

A

incomplete lateral bridges and complete lateral bridges

107
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed?

A

the retrotransverse foramen

108
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen?

A

the vertebral artery, a branch from the suboccipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

109
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is most numerous?

A

ponticulus posticus

110
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is only observed in humans?

A

lateral bridges

111
Q

What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1?

A

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

112
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?

A

males: 78 millimeters
females: 72 millimeters

113
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender?

A

a little over 30 millimeters for both males and females

114
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

five

115
Q

What names are given to C2?

A

axis or epistropheus

116
Q

What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?

A

the dens or odontoid process

117
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?

A

five

118
Q

What joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?

A

facet for fovea dentis, groove for transverse atlantal ligament, attachment sites for the alar ligaments, attachment site for the apical-dental ligament

119
Q

What is the name/classification given to the odontoid process when the tip of the dens is directed posterior?

A

lordotic dens

120
Q

What is the name/classification given to the odontoid process when the tip of the dens is directed anterior?

A

kyphotic dens

121
Q

What joint surfaces are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?

A

anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves and cancellous bone

122
Q

How many joints are formed by the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?

A

five

123
Q

How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C2?

A

ten

124
Q

What joint classifications are present at the vertebral body of C2?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid), modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) and cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

125
Q

What ligament will represent the cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

membrana tectoria

126
Q

What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal above C2?

A

membrana tectoria

127
Q

What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal below C2?

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

128
Q

What is the location of the superior vertebral notch of C2?

A

on the lamina-pedicle junction

129
Q

What attaches to the lamina of C2?

A

obliquus capitis inferior muscle, posterior atlanto-axial ligament, ligamentum flavum

130
Q

What is the appearance of the superior articular facets of C2?

A

they are asymmetrical and slightly convex

131
Q

What is the facet orientation of the superior articular facets of C2?

A

backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)

132
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of C2?

A

forward, lateral, and down (FoLD)

133
Q

What muscle attaches to the articular processes of C2?

A

longissimus cervicis

134
Q

What will be observed in the transverse foramen at C2?

A

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

135
Q

What is the gender variation for the transverse diameter for the transverse diameter of C2?

A

males: fifty-seven millimeters
females: about fifty millimeters

136
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process at C2?

A

levator scapulae, middle scalene, splenius cervicis, longissimus cervicis and intertransversarii

137
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of the C2 spinous process of C2?

A

bifid

138
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of C2?

A

rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior, spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis muscles

139
Q

What ligaments attach to the spinous process of C2?

A

ligamentum nuchae, interspinous ligaments

140
Q

What names may be given to C7?

A

vertebra prominens and vertebral prominence

141
Q

What is the name given to the topographical elevation observed at the base of the neck?

A

vertebral prominence

142
Q

What name is given only to C7?

A

vertebra prominens

143
Q

What is the segment and gender bias for vertebrae other than C7 becoming the vertebral prominence?

A

C6 is more common in females and T1 is more common in males

144
Q

How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C7?

A

eight

145
Q

What joint classifications are observed at the vertebral body of C7?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint

146
Q

What muscle(s) attaches to the vertebral body of C7?

A

longus colli muscle

147
Q

What features are typically present in the transverse foramen of C7?

A

vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor fibers

148
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C7?

A

middle scalene, iliocostalis thoracis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, rotators, intertransversarii and levator costarum brevis

149
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C7?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

150
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C7?

A

forward, medial, downward (ForMeD)

151
Q

What muscles will attach to the articular process of C7?

A

longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis cervicis and multifidis

152
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of C7?

A

trapezius, rhomboid minor, serratus posterior superior, splenius capitis, spinalis capitis, spinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators an interspinalis

153
Q

What ligaments attach to the spinous process of C7?

A

ligamentum nuchae and interspinous ligaments

154
Q

The vertebral artery on which side is typically larger?

A

left vertebral artery

155
Q

What is the gender bias regarding size of the vertebral artery?

A

men have larger vertebral arteries than women

156
Q

Which side artery was tested during the course of the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam?

A

the ipsilateral artery on the side of rotation

157
Q

Typically, at what vertebral level will the vertebral artery first become located in the transverse foramen?

A

C6

158
Q

At what location will the vertebral artery form its first compensatory loop?

A

the atlanto-axial interspace

159
Q

At what location will the vertebral artery form its second compensatory loop?

A

the atlanto-occipital interspace

160
Q

At what segments will the vertebral artery be firmly attached to the transverse foramen?

A

both C1 and C2

161
Q

What is the purpose of the vertebral artery loops between C2, C1, and occiput?

A

the increased length will accomodate the greater rotation at these locations

162
Q

What happens to the vertebral artery after it enters the subarachnoid space at C1?

A

the vertebral artery ascends along the medulla oblongata to the pontine-medullary junction where the right and left arteries unite to form the basilar artery

163
Q

Which suboccipital muscles attach to C1?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior

164
Q

Which suboccipital muscles attach to C2?

A

rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

165
Q

What joint classifications are present at C1?

A

synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid), synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) and fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

166
Q

What joint classifications are present at C2?

A

synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid), synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia), modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar), fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis and cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint

167
Q

What joint classifications are present at each typical cervical?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia), modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar), fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis and cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

168
Q

What joint classifications are present at C7?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia), modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar), fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis and cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

169
Q

What forms the boundaries for the exit of the C1 nerve from the spinal canal?

A

occipital condyle, superior articular process of C1, capsular ligament, arcuate rim, groove for the vertebral artery, posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

170
Q

What forms the boundaries for the exit of the C2 nerve from the spinal canal?

A

inferior articular process of C1, superior articular process of C2, capsular ligament, inferior vertebral notch of C1, superior vertebral notch of C2, posterior arch of C1, lamina of C2, posterior atlanto-axial ligament

171
Q

What forms the anterior boundary for the C2 nerve exit from the spinal canal?

A

inferior articular process of C1, superior articular process of C2, capsular ligament

172
Q

What forms the posterior boundary for the C2 nerve exit from the spinal canal?

A

the posterior arch of C1, lamina of C2 and posterior atlanto-axial ligament

173
Q

What forms the anterior boundary for the C3-C7 nerve exit from the spinal canal?

A

the vertebral bodies, intervertebral disc, posterior longitudinal ligament, uncinate process, lateral groove

174
Q

What forms the anterior boundary for the C8 nerve exit from the spinal canal?

A

the vertebral bodies of C7 and T1, intervertebral disc, posterior longitudinal ligament, capsular ligament of the costocentral joint, superior costal facet of T1 and articular surface of the first rib

175
Q

What are the superior articular facet orientations for the cervical vertebrae?

A

C1 is backward, upward, medial (BUM),
C2 is backward, upward, lateral (BUL),
C3-C7 is backward, upward, medial (BUM)

176
Q

What are the inferior articular facet orientations for the cervical vertebrae?

A

C1 is backward, downward, medial (BMD),
C2-C6 is forward, downward, lateral (FoLD),
C7 is forward, downward, medial (ForMeD)

177
Q

How many synovial joints are identified for each cervical vertebra?

A 
C1 = five,
C2 = eight, 
C3-C6 = eight, 
C7 = six
178
Q

How many joints are identified at the vertebral body of each cervical vertebra?

A 
C1 = none,
C2 = ten,
C3-C6 = ten,
C7 = eight

Spinal Anatomy (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions