unit 2 review

Question 1

nutrient density means

Answer 1

the food has a high vitamin and mineral content relative to its caloric value

Question 2

what are some of the most common nutrient inhibitors and what possible benefits do they provide?

Answer 2

phytates and oxalates; can act as antioxidants

Question 3

which of the following is true of cooked foods?

Answer 3

some foods are more easily digestible

Question 4

how does lack of sleep impact ghrelin levels?

Answer 4

lack of sleep makes ghrelin increase, leading to increases hunger

Question 5

how does adequate sleep impact leptin levels?

Answer 5

good sleep makes leptin increase, promoting feelings of satiety

Question 6

explain the difference between sleep and brain detoxification

Answer 6

during sleep the brain detoxifies by flushing out waste products

Question 7

what is the mechanism by which caffeine impacts wakefulness?

Answer 7

caffeine blocks adenosine receptors, preventing the sensation of tiredness

build of adenosine is called sleep inertia

Question 8

how do we leverage diurnal rhythms to help with sleep?

Answer 8

by exposing ourselves to natural light during the day and keeping it dark at night

Question 9

what is stress?

Answer 9

the body’s response to any change requiring an adjustment or response

Question 10

what are stressors?

Answer 10

the threats or stimuli that challenge the body’s internal balance

Question 11

which of the following are the most important antioxidants for stress?

Answer 11

glutathione (hard to get in food). vitamin C. vitamin E.

(NOT methionine)

Question 12

which of the following are involved in the stress response?

Answer 12

sympathetic nervous system
HPA axis
parasympathetic nervous system

Question 13

which of the following is NOT a benefit of strength training?

Answer 13

reduces levels of oxytocin

Benefits ARE:
-regulates inflammation
-builds resilience to stress
-improves sleep quality
-Increases levels of oxytocin

Question 14

which of the following is NOT a potential negative effect of chronic stress?

Answer 14

improved insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels

what ARE potential negative effects of stress?
-increased ghrelin levels leading to overeating
-elevated blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease
-suppressed immune function increasing susceptibility of infections
-insulin resistance and higher blood sugar levels

Question 15

distinguish between acute and chronic stress

Answer 15

acute stress is short term and can enhance resilience, while chronic stress is long term and can lead to health issues