Unit 2 Quizes Flashcards
what term can be definied as “an open looped control system that triggers and sequences movements.” Pre-packaged set of instructions.
Motor Program
What are the two componets of closed loop control?
Excecutive
Effector
List TWO lines of origiaonal researched-based evidenece that indicate that use of motor program.
RT and Movement complexity
Deafferentation Experiments
Limb blocking experiments
pre-packaged instructions in long-term memory that triggers and sequences movement
Motor progam
Movement “script” that contains muscular contraction reflectivley in response to input
motor program
inhereted system for repetive/rhythmical momvements such as locomotion and chewing
CPG—Centeral Pattern Generator
Example of the sensory input can affect movements not undet sensory input can affect mobvements bot under closed loop control
reflexive reversal phenomon
demonstraied that some movements finger ince triggered, could not be stopped (providing evidence for a motor program)
Salter-Hammel’s Experiment
Electrical activity in muscle whether or not activity occurs
EMG and Limb blocking
Demonstrating that learned moevemnet scan occur even without sensory feedback iformation
Deafforation experiment
cordinated series of miscular retractions reflexivley contraction force
triggard reaction
Whatstudy shows that Reaction time increases as movement complexity insreases
Henery Rogers Experiement
(gong)
Example: lower back and leg extensors contract to stabilize the body while performing the movement.
Postural Adjustments
What term can be defined as “a skeletal framework for movement control, characterized by adjustable parameters”? (Don’t abbreviate.)
Generalized Motor Program
List THREE GMP parameters that can be modified to meet the movement goals.
Movement time, Movement Amplitude, and Different effector systems.
What is the primary parameter adjusted when you switch from writing with your dominant hand to writing with your non-dominant hand?
The effector system.
Different limbs and muscle groups.
While the total speed of a movement may vary, the relative speeds of the components of the movement remain constant. This invariance is referred to as:
relative timing
(Unchangeable)
Every generalized motor program has parameters that are subject to change, such as movement time, movement amplitude, and the effector system. When we write, we can write big or small, fast or slow, or with different parts of our body. When we run, we can run at different speeds or take a larger stride, and so on. The one thing that won’t change for GMP is the relative timing of a movement. Relative timing is the order in which muscles contract to create a motor program. If the steps or components are done out of order, then it is not the same action. If I go to leap and I extend my legs before I pile to jump in the air, it’s no longer a leap. So, relative timing must stay the same for a recognizable GMP.
Movement control system for relatively rapid tasks that involves only the executive and effector.
Open loop control
Pre-planned set of instructions that defines a pattern or skeletal framework of movement, which can be altered by adjusting various parameters.
GMP
General term for the characteristics of a movement that remain constant (while the parameters of that movement can change).
invariant features
Measure of the temporal structure of a movement, in which the ratios of the durations of the various movement components remain the same (e.g., if overall movement speed increases, muscles still contract in the same order for a proportionate amount of time).
Relative Timing
General term for the adjustable components of movement, such as movement time or amplitude.
Surface Feature
When performing a Fitts’ tapping task, increasing this parameter will result in an increase in movement time.
Movment Amplitutde
Tendency for the spatial variability of movement end points to increase (i.e., scatter farther from the target) as performers increase the velocity of discrete aiming tasks.
Linear-speed-accuracy
When performing a Fitts’ tapping task, decreasing this parameter will result in an increase in movement time.
Target Width
Required of aiming movements for which positioning of the movement’s end point (relative to the target) is important to task performance (e.g., hitting a ball off of a tee).
Spatial Accuracy
Principle of movement control for rapid repetitive aiming tasks, whereby movement time is linearly related to the index of difficulty (i.e., if index of difficulty increases, so does movement time).
Fitts’ Law
