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Psycho Motor 320 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

a

Objectives:
neuromuscular system
Conceptual model
Motor performance
Principle of visual control and how to relates to movement

Closed-loop control

How sensory info is used

Roles of vision in movement

how sensory contributes to the conceptual model

A
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2
Q

Exteroceptive Information

A

Info from the environment

From outside the body

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3
Q

6th Sense / Proprioception

A

Sense of movement and state of the body
info through proprioceptors

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4
Q

Kinesthesis–

A

Conscious awareness of the body

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5
Q

Difference btw proprioceptors vs Kinesthesis

A

movement

awareness of the body

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6
Q

Muscle Spindles: Intrafusal Fibers
What type of muscle?
What information does it send?

A

Type: Skeletal Muscle
Muscle length and rate of stretch to CNS
Simulates reflexive contraction

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7
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs
Where are they located?
What are its functions?

A

Located btw muscle and tendon
Provides info about muscle force
Simulates reflexive muscular relaxation—Inhibit the force

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8
Q

Cutaneous Receptors
Located?
What are the functions?

A

Receptors of the skin
Detects pressure, temperature, touch etc.

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9
Q

Closed Loop Control
Functions

A

Adjustments to fix a task
slow, continuous movements
Using feedback to correct

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10
Q

Components of closed-loop control:
1. Comparator
2. Executive
3. Effector
4.Feedback

A

Comarator—Error Detection

Executive—”Brains” Determines actions to fix the ideal state

Effector—Carries out decisions.

Feedback—Provides info on the current state.

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11
Q

Closed-loop: Executive

A

Information processing

—Stimulus identification—Response selection—Response programming

Feet forward

What action do I need to take to fix error?

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12
Q

Closed Loop: Effector

A

Motor program nerves/Muscles.

Tells which muscles to contract and how to do it.

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13
Q

Closed Loop: Comparator

A
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14
Q

Since closed-loop systems are relatively slow, how do we conduct quick actions effectively?

A

Reflexive Modulations
Quick corrections

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15
Q

Open Control

A

Pre-packaged motor programs

Only makes corrections in the effector system.
Happens automatically.

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16
Q

Reflexive Modulations

A
  • Reflexes can automatically adjust muscle force in response to sudden demands
  • Quick corrections
  • Happens in the effector stage
  • automatic—Non-concious
17
Q

Reflexive Modulations//Types of Compensations.
M-reposnes
What are latencies?

A

M-Responses—Relatively low-level, fast modultaions
Time=Latencies

M1 = 30-50ms
Muscle info
M2 = 50-80ms
Brain info/inital response

Triggered reaction 80-120ms

M3 = Rt (Reaction time response) 120-180ms
Intentionally responding

18
Q

Types of Compensations: M1
how many synapse? Concious or unconcious? Characteristics?

A

30-50ms monosynaptic
stretchreflex; muscle spindle response to initial muscle stretch

only one synapse between muscle and spinal cord

Charcateristics:
* Fast
**Postural reflexes
Operates in Parallel *
unconscious,inflexible,littleenvironmental impact

19
Q

Types of Compensations: M2
how many synapse? Concious or unconcious? Characteristics?

A

Functional stretch reflex—50-80 ms
Polysenaptic
“knee jerk” reflex
( higher EMG activity than M1 reflex
connections to cerebellum and motor cortex)

Characteristics
* unaffected by increasing number of S-R alternatives
* can be “tuned” beforehand – strong response or weak response

20
Q

Types of Compensations: Triggered Reaction

A

Triggered response–Catch a wine glass // touch hot stove
* 80-120ms— Too fast to be voluntary

Series of movements——affects muscles related to, but not necessarily directly involved in, the movement

cutaneousreceptors

21
Q

Types of Compensations: M3
Also called?

A

Voluntary Reaction Time ——120-180ms
Powerful and sustained

Modified by:
* Instructions
* Anticipation
* Number of S-R alternatives

22
Q

Which of the stages of compesnastion are the actual response?

A

M3—Trigggered

23
Q

The shorter the latencey the more ____ the moevment

the more flexibility is desired, more information needs to be processed and more —— is required

A

rigid; Time

24
Q

What Dictates degree of Flexability of a movement?

A

Time

25
Q

Is there always time for all M movements?

A

No

26
Q

Boxing Jab—40 ms
which M reponses?

A

no time for M2 response or involvement of the comparator … therefore, can’t modify the punch once it has been started

27
Q

Baseball swing—100 ms
which M reponses?

A

M1 response is fast enough to influence the swing … M2 response doesn’t have time to get to the muscles … information from the comparator cannot get to the executive in time

28
Q

tennis serve - 300 ms
which M reponses?

A

enough time for outer loop information to get back to the muscles, therefore the movement can be controlled by a closed-loop system

anytime you can make an adjustment you are using closed loop control

29
Q

why do we pay attention to focal vison?

A

Visual dominance.
domainatnt system

30
Q

What is vidual capture?
How can it be bad?

A

too much focus on focal vision
because of time requirements to process focal information

31
Q

What are your two visual systems?

A

Focal Vision
Ambient Vision

32
Q

What does Focal Vision do?
What part of brain?

A

Identifies objects, in center of visual field

effected by light

occipatal

33
Q

What is concious Vison? fast or slow?
(part of focal vision)

A

Whatever you direct your attention to, primarily in the center of the visual field

we see, decide what to do and then decide how to do it

Contributes to perception of objects

answers what is it

can’t use it if you’re trying to act quickly (200ms)

34
Q

Ambient Vision

A

Detects or ientation of body in environment; specialized for movement control

PERIPHERAL and CENTRAL (WHOLE VISUAL FEILD)

Non-conscious—not effected by light

Places us in the environmnet

Works in the background

Dorsal lobe

35
Q

Focal Vision
1. Visual Field location
2. Awareness
3. Effect of low illuminatoin
4. Gerneral question resolved

A

Psycho Motor 320 (9 decks)

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