Unit 2 Psychology Sac Flashcards
What is sensation?
Sensory information -
Sensation is an adaptive process that have helped us survive and reproduce
Reception
The stimulus energy is collected by the sense organ
Transduction:
Stimulus energy converted into electrochemical nerve pulses
Transmission
Receptor cells send nerve impulses to primary sensory cortex specialized receptor cells respond and perception begins
Perception
How we perceive things - we choose which stimuli we pay attention to
Perception is also adaptive and has allowed us to survive
Organisation:
Info is reorganized when it reaches the brain so we can make sense of it
Interpretation:
Past experiences, motives, values and context (including stimulation) are involved in process where stimulus is given meaning
Sensation through to perception
A sensation is received by sense organ,
Converted into nerve impulse and travels to the primary sensory cortex where perception begins where the most important info is selected and reorganized and then is given meaning
Receptors
Eg: rods (vision in low light. Lack and white, egde of the retina) ,cones (vision in high light and color, middle of the retina ),
Photo receptor cells
Receptors (taste)
Taste buds, 5 primary tastes
What 5 primary tastes are on the tongue
E
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami
Visible spectrum
Light energy must be within visible part of spectrum of wavelengths between 360 and 760 nanometers
Gestalt perceptual principle
Means that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
Depth perception
Is the ability to accurately judge 3D space and distance using cues from environment- are vital to us as we live in a 3D world but only have 2D images on our retinas
Depth cues
Show us how depth and distance are perceived can be binocular and monocular
Binocular depth cues
Is using both images from both our eyes eyes to cues them together I. Stereoscopic Vision
Monocular depth cues
Allow us to judge distance and depth with one eye - accommodation and pictorial depth cues
Perceptual Constancies
Allow us to maintain a stable perception of a stimulus although the image on the retina may change eg size or shape
The more familiar we are with the object the more likely we are to maintain perceptual constancy
Learned usually I. Childhood
Perceptual set
A predisposition to perceive specific stimuli in a specific way, so interpreting what we see according to certain preconceptions (interpretation)
Eg : previous experience, environment, motivation, emotion
Visual illusion
Occurs when perception consistently differs from objective reality, caused by psychological factors.
Consistent from person to person and from time to time
Ponzu illusion
Where the upper horizontal line is perceived to be longer than the lower horizontal line.
See figure 16.1 page 362
Muller layer illusion
Two lines of same length each having opposite shaped patterns at the ends: on has regular arrow heads and the other feather tails
The one with feather tails is seen as being smaller
See figure 16.2 page 362
Ames room illusion
See figure 16.8
Synaesthesia
Concerns connections between senses where the the presentation of a stimulus from one sensory system triggers off a perception in a second sensory system or cognitive process
Eg: seeing a color in response to a word or experiencing smells when hearing a sound
