Unit 2 Psychology Sac

Question 1

What is sensation?

Answer 1

Sensory information -

Sensation is an adaptive process that have helped us survive and reproduce

Question 2

Reception

Answer 2

The stimulus energy is collected by the sense organ

Question 3

Transduction:

Answer 3

Stimulus energy converted into electrochemical nerve pulses

Question 4

Transmission

Answer 4

Receptor cells send nerve impulses to primary sensory cortex specialized receptor cells respond and perception begins

Question 5

Perception

Answer 5

How we perceive things - we choose which stimuli we pay attention to
Perception is also adaptive and has allowed us to survive

Question 6

Organisation:

Answer 6

Info is reorganized when it reaches the brain so we can make sense of it

Question 7

Interpretation:

Answer 7

Past experiences, motives, values and context (including stimulation) are involved in process where stimulus is given meaning

Question 8

Sensation through to perception

Answer 8

A sensation is received by sense organ,
Converted into nerve impulse and travels to the primary sensory cortex where perception begins where the most important info is selected and reorganized and then is given meaning

Question 9

Receptors

Answer 9

Eg: rods (vision in low light. Lack and white, egde of the retina) ,cones (vision in high light and color, middle of the retina ),
Photo receptor cells

Question 10

Receptors (taste)

Answer 10

Taste buds, 5 primary tastes

Question 11

What 5 primary tastes are on the tongue

E

Answer 11

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

Question 12

Visible spectrum

Answer 12

Light energy must be within visible part of spectrum of wavelengths between 360 and 760 nanometers

Question 13

Gestalt perceptual principle

Answer 13

Means that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Question 14

Depth perception

Answer 14

Is the ability to accurately judge 3D space and distance using cues from environment- are vital to us as we live in a 3D world but only have 2D images on our retinas

Question 15

Depth cues

Answer 15

Show us how depth and distance are perceived can be binocular and monocular

Question 16

Binocular depth cues

Answer 16

Is using both images from both our eyes eyes to cues them together I. Stereoscopic Vision

Question 17

Monocular depth cues

Answer 17

Allow us to judge distance and depth with one eye - accommodation and pictorial depth cues

Question 18

Perceptual Constancies

Answer 18

Allow us to maintain a stable perception of a stimulus although the image on the retina may change eg size or shape
The more familiar we are with the object the more likely we are to maintain perceptual constancy
Learned usually I. Childhood

Question 19

Perceptual set

Answer 19

A predisposition to perceive specific stimuli in a specific way, so interpreting what we see according to certain preconceptions (interpretation)
Eg : previous experience, environment, motivation, emotion

Question 20

Visual illusion

Answer 20

Occurs when perception consistently differs from objective reality, caused by psychological factors.
Consistent from person to person and from time to time

Question 21

Ponzu illusion

Answer 21

Where the upper horizontal line is perceived to be longer than the lower horizontal line.
See figure 16.1 page 362

Question 22

Muller layer illusion

Answer 22

Two lines of same length each having opposite shaped patterns at the ends: on has regular arrow heads and the other feather tails
The one with feather tails is seen as being smaller
See figure 16.2 page 362

Question 23

Ames room illusion

Answer 23

See figure 16.8

Question 24

Synaesthesia

Answer 24

Concerns connections between senses where the the presentation of a stimulus from one sensory system triggers off a perception in a second sensory system or cognitive process
Eg: seeing a color in response to a word or experiencing smells when hearing a sound