Unit 2 Lesson 6

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

A molecule that contains the genetic material of the cell.

Contains information for the cell’s growth, activities and inherited characteristics

Question 2

Code

Answer 2

A set of rules and symbols used to carry information

Question 3

What is the shape of DNA

Answer 3

A double helix (twisted ladder)

The sides are made of alternating sugars and phosphate. The steps are made of a pair of bases

Question 4

Nucleotide

Answer 4

The building block of DNA

Made of a base, a sugar, and a phosphate group

There are 4 nucleotides - A, T, C, G

Question 5

Replication

Answer 5

The process where copies of DNA molecules are made

Question 6

Mutation

Answer 6

Changes in the number, type or order of bases on a piece of DNA

Question 7

Deletion

Insertion

Substitution

Answer 7

A mutation where a base is left out

A mutation where an extra base is added

A mutation where one base replaces another ( most common)

Question 8

Mutagens

Answer 8

Physical or chemical agents that damage DNA.
Example: UV light and cigarettes

Question 9

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

Answer 9

A molecule in cells that plays a role in making proteins

Has the bases Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C)

3 types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 10

Transcription

Answer 10

The process where the cell makes an RNA copy of the necessary section of DNA

Involves mRNA and DNA. Only individual genes are transcribed

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

Cell organelles made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins

Question 12

Translation

Answer 12

The process of making proteins from RNA

Each group of 3 bases on the mRNA strand makes 1 amino acid

Question 13

mRNA

tRNA

rRNA

Answer 13

1. Gives the cell instructions to make proteins
2. Delivers amino acids to the ribosomes
3. Links amino acids together