Unit 1 - Lesson 2 Flashcards
Atoms
Basic particles of all living things
Elements
Types of atoms that occur naturally on Earth
Just 6 elements make up most of the human body
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous
Molecule
Compound
A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds
A substance made up of atoms of 2 or more elements joined by chemical bonds
Lipids
A fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties. Example oil, wax
Do not mix with water
One of their jobs is to store energy
Protein
A molecule made up of smaller molecules or building blocks called amino acids.
Are used to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes. Example: meat and peanut butter
Include enzymes that help chemical processes happen
Carbohydrates
Molecules that include sugars, starches and fiber. Examples: sugar, pasta 🍝, bread 🍞
Are used as a source of energy and for energy storage
Nucleic Acids
Molecules that carry information in cells (DNA)
Made up of smaller molecules called nucleotides
Phospholipid
A lipid that contains phosphorus
Form most of the cell membrane
The head is attracted to water. The tail repels water. They form a double layer in the cell membrane
Why is water important to the cell?
Many cell processes require water
Water makes up nearly 2/3 of the mass of the cell
Osmosis
The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane
Water moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration