Unit 2 Lesson 2

Question 1

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 1

Pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and size. They carry the same genes

Question 2

Diploid cells

Answer 2

Cells with a pair of every chromosome

Question 3

Haploid cells

Answer 3

Cells that contain half the usual number of chromosomes — sex cells

Question 4

Gametes

Answer 4

Sex cells. They contain half the number of chromosomes as body cells

Found in the reproductive organs of plants and animals

An egg is a gamete that forms in the female reproductive organs.
A sperm cell is a gamete that forms in male reproductive organs

Question 5

Meiosis

Answer 5

The type of cell division that produces haploid (1/2 the chromosomes) sex cells such as egg and sperm cells

Question 6

Meiosis 1

Answer 6

Pairs of homologous chromosomes and sex chromosomes split apart into 2 new cells

Question 7

Meiosis II

Answer 7

Both of the cells from meiosis 1 divide during meiosis 2 and it results in 4 haploid sex cells

Question 8

How are mitosis and meiosis alike?

Answer 8

They both are ways that the cell divide

They have the stages of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

Question 9

How are mitosis and meiosis different?

Answer 9

1. Only sex cells go through meiosis. Body cells go through mitosis
2. In meiosis, chromosomes are copied once and the nucleus divides twice. In mitosis, the chromosomes are copied once and the nucleus divides once
3. Cells produced from meiosis contain 1/2 the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Cells produced from mitosis have the exact number of chromosomes as the parent cell
4. After meiosis, you have 4 new cells. After mitosis, you have 2 new cells