unit 2 human development

Question 1

benefits of play

Answer 1

~Engage in the world around them
~Use imagination.
~Discover flexible ways to use objects and solve problems.
~Prepare for adults roles.
~Stimulates senses, exercise muscles, coordinate sight with movement, gain mastery over bodies.
~Make decisions.
~Acquire new skills.

Question 2

explain play for children and social readiness

Answer 2

play positively supports children skills, it is essential to a child overall healthy development.

through play children learn skills that enable them to function in society.

Question 3

effects of early puberty on girls and boys

Answer 3

Girls
~Early maturing girls tend to be more popular with boys and date earlier.
~older girls into equation and are subject to more peer pressure to take risks.
~ tend to have lower grades
~more conflict with parents

Boys
~Considered more masculine and attractive than later developing peers.
~Advantage in athletic competitions which can lead to higher self esteem and greater popularity with peers.
~ Late-maturing boys tend to have a more difficult time but appear to learn from this and are often more flexible, assertive and insightful as adults.

Question 4

Piagets stages

Answer 4

stages
~ senisorimotor (0-2years)
infants explores world through sensory and motor contact. object permance and separation anxiety during this time

~pre-operational stage (2-6years)
symbols to represent objects however not to think logically. Has ability to pretend. child is egocentric
~concrete stage (7-12years)

can think logically about concrete objects thus can add and subtract. understand conservation.

~ formal operation (12years to adult)
can think abstractly and think in hypothetically terms.

Question 5

Piagets theory of cognitive development

Answer 5

~ schemas.

~Schema is an idea about what something is and how to deal with it.

He thought that there were two processes by which we gain and change our schemas.

> Assimilation – interpret new experiences and information in terms of current understanding (schemas).

> Accommodation – construction and modification of our schemas.

Question 6

list motor skills of children @ different ages

Answer 6

infancy (0-2)
~motor skills: Chest up, use arms for support – sitting – crawling – standing – walking
early childhood (2-6)
~fine motor skills: Running – skipping – throwing – catching – hitting – swimming – balancing
(7-10)
higher level performance in ball games, dance and aerobics.
(11-12)
specalised skills particular sports, gymnastics, athletics, football and netball.

Question 7

describe domains of development

(physical, social, emotional and cognitive.

Answer 7

physical development
~ covers changes in size, proportion, appearance, motor skills and coordination.

cognitive development
~changes in ability’s such as thinking and reasoning, memory, attention, imagination and attention

social and emotional development
~changes in self-knowledge and understanding of other people, skills making and maintaining friendships social and ethnical matters and behaviour.

Question 8

nature

Answer 8

refers to an individuals innates qualities

what you turn out like is resulted by your genes.

Question 9

nurture

Answer 9

refers to an individuals personal experience

your genes might make you average height but as a child you get malnourished so your height gets stunted.

Question 10

socio-emotional development

Answer 10

~infants~
self-awareness: 15 months old…after relationships expand.
social-awareness: 15 months old….observe to see how behaviour and guidance.
Emotional attachment: attach primary caregivers….may display separation anxiety.

~childhood~
~social interactions with peers become important.
~attachment to caregivers lasting effect how we relate to others.
~play learn how to interact with peers
~peer group important for development.