Semester 2 Exam Flashcards
Over simplification
Some people have reversed hemispheric for some functions eg language
Right handed people are more pronounced
Plasticity when someone has a brain injury a certain part of the brain will take over the damaged parts
Spinal cord
Links the brain to the rest of the body
Carries nerves to me from brain
Localised of cortical functions
Brain function is localised
Cross-lateralised
Left hemisphere functions
~Motor functions~
Movement of right side of body
Production of speech
~Sensory functions~
Sensations right side of body
~perceptual functions~
Comprehension of speech
~cognitive functions~ Reading Writing Analytical thinking Logic reasoning Mathematics
Right hemisphere functions
~motor functions~
Movement left side of body
~sensory functions~
Sensations left side of the body
~perceptual functions~
Recognition of faces and patterns
~cognitive functions~ Music ability Spatial ability Emotional expression Detection of emotion
Hindbrain
regulates bodily functions vital for survival
medulla: connects brain and spinal cord-breathing
pons: responsible for voluntary muscle movement
cerebellum: regulation posture and stores memories. If damaged physical activity is impossible
Midbrain
RAS: group of fibres that carry info related to sleep and arousal keeps brain active and alert.
Forebrain
cerebrum: voluntary movement and emotions
hypothalamus: regulates biological needs eg hunger thirst
thalamus: ingoing and outgoing signals
Frontal lobe
Speech, movement and personality
Parietal lobe
Speech,visual perception,pain/touch sensations
Temporal lobe
Auditory receptive and long term memory formed
Occipital lobe
Visual cortex and it’s where dreams originate
Cerebellum
Motion related activities
Charles Spearman general intelligence
One general intelligence could be measured
Theory was named the 2 factor theory of intelligence
Alfred binet IQ Test
- Most recognisable test with help Simon Theodore
- could identify children that were of normal Intelligence
- mental age
Lewis teman IQ test
-further developed by Lewis
- calculated intelligence by IQ= mental age/chronological age x100
- measures 5 cognitive abilitys
Fluid reasoning
Quantitive reasoning
Visual processing
Working memory
- used test in world war 1
- alpha-literate adults
-beta- illliterate and non speaking English
-modern example-naplan
David wesckler
- believed culturally biased to English speakers
- tried to minimise them
- developed empiracle model of intelligence
- related real life situations
Gardners multiple intelligence
-9 distinctive intelligences dependent on one another
Linguistic-reading,writing understanding spoken words
Mathematical-numbers and logical reasoning
-spatial-reading maps and manipulating objects
-musical-creation and appreciation of music
-bodily-sports, dancing and movement
-interpersonal-understanding and relating to others
-intrapersonal-understanding one own thoughts and mental state
-Naturalist-recognition of natural objects
-existential-pondering Fundemental questions of existince
Golman emotional intelligence
Ability to read people’s emotions and use one own emotional responses adaptively;it corresponds
Selective attention
Mechanism that enables us to process relevant inputs, thoughts, or actions while ignoring irrelevant or distracting ones
Dividing attention
Some tasks are hard to combine
Reading and driving
Talking on the phone and watching tv
Attending a lecture and texting
Habituation
Decrease in response to a stimulus after being repeatedly exposed to it.
Animals or humans may learn to ignore a stimulus because of repeated exposure
Dishabituation
Fast recovery of a response that has under gone habitation
Pro-Social
Represents acts that indicate positive social regard and inclusiveness. Must be regarded as helpful and selfless, little regard for own safety or self interest
Anti-Social
Includes acts of physical volience such as verbal abuse or social rejection. Also includes withdrawal and refusal to share or help others.
Dexter dunphy
- Cliques-small group who interact frequently
- Crowds- larger groups usually 2 cliques
- Dyads- pairs of close friends or lovers
He observed teenagers for 6months and developed the stages of group development
Determinate of liking
- Proximity-physical closeness attending same school or having regular meetings
- Similarity- liking the same food, clothes etc
- Reciprocity- thinking someone likes you eg invites you to a party
Non verbal gestures
Gestures
Movements indicating meaning or attitude eg wave
Non verbal physical distance
Communicating in less obvious ways
Distance-we stand next to each other depends on how well we know the person
*hall (1996) 4 levels of interpersonal space
*intimate-family or lovers
*personal-friends or social group
*social distance- shopkeeper and customer
*public distance-strangers in public places
Non verbal communication facial expression
Powerful communication learnt early in life
Express emotion
It is universal
Non verbal touch and smell
Animal kingdom signal attraction, a mate
Indicate group members or status etc
Effective communication active listening
Actively listening to someone
Engaged in conversation
Interested in the topic
Ask questions
Effective communication working collaboratively
Fundemental working with others
Cooperatively or competivively
Effective communication assertive communication
Involves honestly expressing opinions and feelings that does not infringe on the right of others
Three steps in assertive communication
1. Show your understanding and that your not trying to pick a fight
2. Stating the problem outline show you want to change it
3. Specific statement how you want to change it
Effective communication body language
Good posture
Calm voice
Face person
Eye contact
Impact hearing impairment and language delay
Hearing loss at birth or before language learnt discruptive to language
Hearing loss after language learnt no loss
Conscious
Everything your aware of
Preconscious
Memories beneath the surface but can be easily retrieved
Unconscious
Thought and memories deeply hidden
Desires can’t control bad memory childhood
I’d
Animal urges
Instinctive and unconscious acts on pleasure principal
Primary process of thinking
Ego
Reality principal Develops younger child Regulates and standards for behaviour Second process thinking Doesn't consider good of others and society
Superego
4-5 years age starts
Moral component
Lack of reality
Can became a perfectionist
Hans Eysenck
3 main personality factors:
Psychoticism: impulse control
Not caring for others’ cruel, inhumane, no empathy,and aggressive ,cold , creative and antisocial
Extroversion:introversion
Carelessness, liveliness, sociability and active
Neuroticism: stability
Strong,anxious,tense,emotional,shy and moody
Gordon allport trait theory
Cardinal trait:
Dominant develops later in life
Defines everything a person does
Central trait:
Basic foundation of personality
Think and behave in certain ways
5-10 years old
Secondary traits:
Related to attitudes eg impatient while waiting in office
Some situations but not all
what is a Group
defined as 2 or people who interact and influence each other for more than a few minutes
don’t have to like each other
don’t always have a choice of your group
milgram (1960s)
asked teachers to deliver shocks to students
asch (1950s)
4 people in a room
most of the group were confederates
they made a decision the other would follow
75% went with what was wrong
individuals in a group
self concept is the definition of ourselves
the way people react to us can shape our self conception
may be pos or neg
social categorisation
identifying a person as a member of a group because of the features they share
helps deal with the social world
social loafing
practise of putting in less effort in a group
they feel less accountable
they feel there efforts are not as important so slack off
