UNIT 2 Handout Part 1 (1)

Question 1

• Some people produce an abnormally large amount of cerumen in the external auditory canal. If it accumulates until it becomes impacted (firmly
  wedged), sound waves may be prevented from reaching the eardrum.
• Treatments for ___________ include periodic ear irrigation with enzymes to dissolve the wax and removal of wax with a blunt instrument by trained medical personnel.

Answer 1

• impacted cerumen

Question 2

NAILS

Answer 2

a. nail body (plate)
b. free edge
c. nail root

other parts:
- lunula
- hyponychium (nail bed)
- eponychium (cuticle)
- nail matrix

Question 3

plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells that form a clear, solid covering over the dorsal surfaces of the distal portions of the digits

Answer 3

nails

Question 4

• comparable to the stratum corneum of the general epidermis, with the exception that its flattened, keratinized cells fill with a harder type of keratin and do not shed.
• Below the nail body is a region of epithelium and a deeper layer of dermis.
• Most of the nail body appears pink because of blood flowing through the capillaries in the underlying dermis

Answer 4

nail body (plate)

Question 5

• part of the nail body that may extend past the distal end of the digit
• free edge is white because there are no underlying capillaries.

Answer 5

free edge

Question 6

the portion of the nail that is buried in a fold of skin

Answer 6

nail root

Question 7

whitish, crescent-shaped area of the proximal end of the nail body

Answer 7

lunula

Question 8

• thickened region of stratum corneum
• secures the nail to the fingertip

Answer 8

hyponychium (nail bed)

Question 9

• a narrow band of epidermis that extends from and adheres to the margin (lateral border) of the nail wall
• occupies the proximal border of the nail and consists of stratum corneum

Answer 9

eponychium (cuticle)

Question 10

• The proximal portion of the epithelium deep to the nail root
• where cells divide by mitosis to produce growth.

Answer 10

nail matrix

Question 11

Two major types of skin are recognized on the basis of certain structural and functional properties:

Answer 11

1. thin (hairy) skin
2. thick (hairless) skin

Question 12

• All parts of the body except areas such as palms and palmar surface of digits, and soles
• ____________: Stratum lucidum essentially lacking; thinner strata spinosum and corneum
• ____________: Lacking due to poorly developed and fewer and less-well-organized dermal papillae

PRESENT:
1. ________
2. ________
3. ________

FEWER: _____________

SPARSER: _____________

Answer 12

THIN SKIN

• epidermal strata
• epidermal ridges

PRESENT:
1. hair follicles
2. arrector pili muscles
3. sebaceous glands

FEWER: sudoriferous glands

SPARSER: sensory receptors

Question 13

• Areas such as the palms, palmar surface of digits, and soles
• Thick strata lucidum, spinosum, and corneum
• Present due to well-developed and more numerous dermal papillae organized in parallel rows

ABSENT:
1. ________
2. ________
3. ________

MORE NUMEROUS: _____________

DENSER: _____________

Answer 13

THICK SKIN

ABSENT:
1. hair follicles
2. arrector pili muscles
3. sebaceous glands

MORE NUMEROUS: SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS

DENSER: SENSORY RECEPTORS