Unit 2 AC1.1 Compare criminal behaviour and deviance

Question 1

Norms

Answer 1

Specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern behaviour in particular situations.

Question 2

Values

Answer 2

General principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives.

Question 3

Moral codes

Answer 3

A set of basic rules, values and prinicples, held by an individual, group, organisation or society as a whole.

Question 4

Formal sanction

Answer 4

Punishments for breaking formal written rules or laws. Imposed by official bodies e.g. courts, schools etc.

Question 5

Informal sanction

Answer 5

Disapproval shown to a person for breaking unwritten rules, such as telling off or ignoring them.

Question 6

Positive sanction

Answer 6

Rewards for behaviour society approves of e.g praise or medal.

Question 7

Social control

Answer 7

Ways in which society seeks to control our behaviour and ensure we conform to its norms.

Question 8

Actus reus

Answer 8

Latin for ‘guilty act’

Question 9

Mens rea

Answer 9

Latin for ‘guilty mind’

Question 10

Fines

Answer 10

Financial penalties dependent on seriousness of offence and ability to pay.

Question 11

Conditional discharge

Answer 11

An offender may avid prison if they commit no offences in a given time period

Question 12

Absolute discharge

Answer 12

Defendant is guilty but court decides punishment is not appropriate.

Question 13

ViSOR

Answer 13

Violent and Sex Offenders Register

Question 14

Defining deviance - Behaviour that is unusual and good

Answer 14

Such as heroically risking your own life to save someone else.

Question 15

Defining deviance - Behaviour that is unusual and eccentric

Answer 15

Such as talking to the trees in the park, or hoarding huge quantities of old newspapers.

Question 16

Defining deviance - Behaviour that is unusual and bad or disapproved of

Answer 16

Such as physically attacking someone for no reason.

Question 17

Defining criminal behaviour - Legal definition

Answer 17

Any action forbidden by criminal law – usually involves actus reus and mens rea

Question 18

Defining criminal behaviour - Social definition

Answer 18

This includes consideration of differing views of what makes behaviour criminal, whether a law is actually enforced, and whether people think certain acts should have laws made against them or not.

Question 19

Formal sanctions against criminals - Custodial sentences

Answer 19

Court imposed imprisonment or detention in a young offenders institution.

Question 20

Formal sanctions against criminals - Community sentences

Answer 20

Court imposed work, fines, courses, probation orders, restrictions, drug treatments and/or testing. Served outside of jail.

Question 21

Formal sanctions against criminals - Police sanctions

Answer 21

Include cautions, conditional cautions and penalty notices (fines) issued for minor offences – no court appearance.

Question 22

Formal sanctions against criminals - Other possible implications of criminal convictions

Answer 22

A criminal record, and depending on the crime: exclusion from certain jobs, possible placement on ViSOR, travel restrictions, restrictions on adoption, jury service, standing for elected office, or insurance cover

Question 23

Acts that are criminal - Summary offences

Answer 23

Less serious e.g. speeding. Tried by magistrates.

Question 24

Acts that are criminal - Indictable offences

Answer 24

More serious e.g. rape/murder. Tried in crown court with jury. More severe sentences.

Question 25

Acts that are criminal - Violence against the person

Answer 25

E.g. murder, manslaughter, assault

Question 26

Acts that are criminal - Sexual offences

Answer 26

E.g. rape, sex trafficking, grooming.

Question 27

Acts that are criminal - Offences against property

Answer 27

E.g. burglary, theft, robbery.

Question 28

Acts that are criminal - Fraud and forgery

Answer 28

E.g. frauds by company directors, benefit cheating, tax evasion.

Question 29

Acts that are criminal - Criminal damage

Answer 29

E.g. arson, vandalism, graffiti

Question 30

Acts that are criminal - Drug offences

Answer 30

E.g. Supplying, trafficking, or possession of illegal substances.

Question 31

Acts that are criminal - Public orders offences

Answer 31

E.g. rioting and violent disorder.