Unit 2

Question 1

Morality

Answer 1

Principle or rules of moral conduct

Question 2

Whistleblower

Answer 2

the person who goes against corporate culture and corporate rules to expose some abuse.

Question 3

Euthyphro Problem

Answer 3

• Plato
• Is the pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?” In other words: “Is the good (ethics) commanded by God because it is good?” Or is it good (ethical) because it is commanded by God?

Question 4

pre-reflective moral response

Answer 4

when people are simply disgusted by some act and feel it to be wrong prior to thinking deeply about the issue.

Question 5

Conscience

Answer 5

a voice inside one’s head which tells one to do or not do something.

Question 6

Cultural Relativism

Answer 6

Every society has its own moral code, and none are in any position to claim superiority. All codes are equal, and all are equally limited. Thus, no moral code can take precedence in a case of disagreement, because there is no way to determine which is right or wrong.

Question 7

Problems with C. Relativity

Answer 7

• Difficult to define
• Excuses evil regimes
• Underlying ethical commonalities
• Philosophically incosistent
• Collapses under nihilism

Question 8

Jean Piagiet

Answer 8

proposed that children pass through certain states of cognitive development in a certain sequence.

Question 9

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 9

Six stages of moral reasoning

Question 10

Six stages of moral reasoning

Answer 10

Morality of obedience. Do what you’re told. (Pre con)
Morality of instrumental egoism and exchange. Let’s make a deal. (Pre con)
Morality of interpersonal concordance. Be considerate, nice, and kind: you’ll make friends. (Con)
Morality of law and duty to the social order. Everyone in society is obligated to and protected by the law. (Con)
Morality of consensus building procedures. You are obligated to the arrangements that are agreed to by due process. (Post con)
The morality of nonarbitrary social cooperation. Morality is defined by how rational and impartial people would ideally organize cooperation. (Post con)

Question 11

Subjective relativism (Moral Skepticism)

Answer 11

morality is simply a matter of individual opinion or taste, which some have the power to impose on others.

Question 12

Ring of Gyges

Answer 12

Why be moral

Question 13

Psychological egoism

Answer 13

the view that everyone is always motivated to act on his or her perceived self-interest.” It is a descriptive view about human motivation, and is not easy to refute.

Question 14

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs

Answer 14

Physiological needs (food, shelter)
Safety needs (security, stability, freedom from fear)
Love needs (belongingness, intimacy, affection)
Esteem needs (respect, recognition, sense of achievement)
Self-Actualization (fulfilling one's potential)

Question 15

Frederich Nietzsche

Answer 15

The content of conscience is everything that was during the years of our childhood regularly demanded of us … it is therefore not the voice of God in the heart of man but the voice of some men in man.