UNIT 15 L5 QUALITY ASSURANCE Flashcards
& QUALITY CONTROL
What does Quality Assurance mean?
refers to the procedures and policies put in place to reduce waste and to ensure manufactured products are produced accurately within set acceptable tolerances
What are some examples of QA policies?
- only sourcing material and components from suppliers that hold the ISO 9001 Quality Management Standard
- setting specific termperature ranges for product moulding to ensure effective filling of cavities and speed of cooling
- setting rigid maintenance schedules for machinery to ensure cutters are machihining with tolerances
What does an effective quality assurance procedure involve?
- Measurement of variables
- Comparisons with specifications
- Constant monitoring of process
- Using feedback loops to prevent
What do i need to know about QA systems?
Total Quality management (TQM)
- Scrum
- Six Sigma
- Critical path analysis
what is a flowchart?
A type of diagram that shows a workflow or process and is usually read from top to bottom, left to right. They highlight critical control points and allow feedback
What do flowcharts help manufacturers with?
Identify possible problems such as bottlenecks
What is a Gantt chart?
Widely used in project management showing:
- The phases of a project
- Individual tasks
- Key milestones
- Required resources
- Tasks are usually shown on the vertical axis and timings are recorded on the horizontal axis
What does Kaizen mean
In Japanese, it means change for the good and is the guiding principle behind lean manufacturing, its aim is to improve efficiency and eliminate waste in all areas of production
What does Kaizen rely on?
- Employee collaboration
- Evaluation and innovation
- Practical improvement
What is Total Quality Management (TMQ)?
Is a customer focused, process centered strategy
What do key features of TQM involve?
- Integrated strategies and systems
- Employee involvement
- Communication
- Constant feedback
- Continuous improvement
What does scrum mean?
Scrum is a quality-driven, agile framework for managing product development and problem solving. Scrum is initiated by the product owner with a product backlog ( a wish list of items to bring to the market)
What is the scrum master?
The scrum master leads the scrum team in a series of sprints (shorter focused tasks delivered by the team)
What is a sprint backlog?
The sprint backlog is a list of products to produce in the next sprint
What is a scrum board?
The scrum board contains a list of tasks for each team member and tracks their progress
What is sprint planning?
It is used to set up the sprint parameters
What are Daily ‘stand-ups’?
They are used to check if everything is going to plan
What does sprint retrospective mean?
It is used to reflect on what can be improved
What does Six Sigma aim to do?
Six Sigma aims to improve process and management performance. It comprises five phases:
Define - Measure - Analyse - Improve - Control (DMAIC)
What is Six Sigma?
‘Six Sigma’ refers to the number of allowable defects, 3.4 defects per million (DPM). Identifying and removing the main causes of error improves efficiency, productivity and quality and limits waste.
What methods od planning do some businesses use?
- Project evaluation and review techniques (PERT)
- Critical path analysis (CPA) or critical path method (CPM)
What are some similarities of PERT and CPM?
Both PERT and CPM rely on arrow and node diagram. They calculate the longest path of all planned activities to their individual end point or end of the project
What is Critical Path Analysis (CPA)?
A six-step method used to plan sequential activities, showing them as nodes, usually boxes joined with arrows, with each box including details of the duration of each task
What are the six steps of a Critical path analysis?
- specify each task
- sequence activites
- Draw network diagram
- Estimate timelines
- Identify critical path
- Update diagram to show progress
What is Project evaluation adn review?
Its very similar to CPA, but does not give a single estimate or project duration, but allows the user to calculate a realistic timescale based on three variable which can assistt long term planning
What are the three variable that can assist long term planning in Project evaluation and review (PERT)?
Optimistic duration (O)
Most likely duration (M)
Pessimistic duration (P)
How do you measure material accurately?
To do this requires tools with accurate reference or ‘datum’ points - surfaxe or edges from which other measurements are taken
Give examples of measuring tools
Rulers, square callipers, quages
digital micrometres and callipers
laser and probe scanner
What does tolerance mean?
A margin for error is called the tolerance and can apply to hole depth, length, angle, thickness, weight, elasticity and so on
What can be used to see if sizes fall within a given tolerance?
Go-no go gauges can be used to test components to see if sizes fall within a given tolerance
What do visual tests ensure that
- supplied materials comply with the manufacturer’s requirements
- parts and components are within tolerance
- finished products and components match the product design specification
- products comply with relevant standards
What does probe scanning do?
uses a calibrated probe pin and high sensitive sensors. Tests dimensional accuracy and can scan dynamically along a surface or measure using predetermined data points
What is Coordinate measuring machinery?
CMM is used to check the measurements of finished components, linked to probe scanning
What is CMM also used for aside from probe scanning?
Laser scanning
What does laser scanning do?
Uses a laser reflected off the surfaces of a product and can take thousands of accurate measurements very quickly. Creates an accurate comparative 3D CAD model and can spot potential wear and tear in a system, and accurately predict maintenance
What are examples of Non-destructive testing (NDT)?
- Ultrasound
-X-ray analysis
What can NDT be use for?
used to measure wall thickness and detect internal faults not visible to the eye
