Unit 13: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Eclectic approach

Answer 1

an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Question 2

Psychotherapy

Answer 2

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

Question 3

Psychoanalysis

Answer 3

Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapists interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing patient self-insight

Question 4

Free association

Answer 4

just talk

Question 5

Resistance

Answer 5

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Question 6

Interpretation

Answer 6

in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

Question 7

Transference

Answer 7

in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

Question 8

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer 8

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight

Question 9

Humanistic therapies

Answer 9

attempt to reduce inner conflicts that are holding back natural growth by giving new insights

Question 10

Insight therapies

Answer 10

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Question 11

Client-centered therapy

Answer 11

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening with a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate client’s growth

Question 12

Active listening

Answer 12

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy

Question 13

Unconditonal psotivie regard

Answer 13

a caring, accepting, non judgemental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

Question 14

Behavior therapies

Answer 14

apply learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Question 15

Counter-conditoning

Answer 15

a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new response to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditoning

Question 16

Exposure therapies

Answer 16

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treats anxieties by exposing people (an imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid

Question 17

Systematic desensitizaton

Answer 17

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias

Question 18

Virtual reality exposure therapy

Answer 18

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to stimulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

Question 19

Aversive conditioning

Answer 19

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant sate (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

Question 20

Token economy

Answer 20

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

Question 21

Cognitive therapy

Answer 21

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

Question 22

Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy for depression

Answer 22

reversing a client’s catastrophizing beliefs about themselves, their situations and their futures. Gentle questioning seeks to reveal irrational thinking, and to help remove the dark glasses through which they view life

Question 23

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer 23

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

Question 24

Family therapy

Answer 24

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

Question 25

Meta-analysis

Answer 25

a procedure for statically combining the results of many different research studies. The only way to evaluate if therapy works?

Question 26

Evidence-based practice

Answer 26

clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

Question 27

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

Answer 27

Francine Shapiro had people imagine traumatic scenes while she triggered eye movement with a waving finger, to unlock and reprocess frozen memories

Question 28

Light exposure therapy

Answer 28

Giving people a timed daily dose of intense light to combat SAD

Question 29

Biomedical therapy

Answer 29

prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system

Question 30

Psychopharmacology

Answer 30

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

Question 31

Antipsychotic drugs

Answer 31

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

Question 32

Tardive dyskenia

Answer 32

involuntary movements of the muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors

Question 33

Antianxiety drugs

Answer 33

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

Question 34

Antidepressant drugs

Answer 34

drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters

Question 35

Mood stabilizing medications

Answer 35

such as the simple salt, lithium, which can be an effective mood stabilizer for those suffering the emotional highs and lows of bipolar disorder

Question 36

Electroconclusive therapy (ECT)

Answer 36

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

Question 37

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Answer 37

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Question 38

Psychosurgery

Answer 38

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

Question 39

Lobotomy

Answer 39

a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

Question 40

Anti-rumination

Answer 40

identifying and redirecting negative thoughts
enhancing positive thinking

Question 41

Nutritional supplements

Answer 41

such as daily fish oil (with omega-3 fatty acids) for healthy brain functioning

Question 42

Resilience

Answer 42

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma