Unit 12: Abnormal Psychology

Question 1

Psychological disorder

Answer 1

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

Question 2

ADHD

Answer 2

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

Question 3

Medical model

Answer 3

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

Question 4

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 4

the study of how biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors interact to produce specific psychological disorders

Question 5

DSM-IV-TR

Answer 5

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

Question 6

Anxiety disorder

Answer 6

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Question 7

General anxiety disorder

Answer 7

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Question 8

Panic disorder

Answer 8

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes - long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

Question 9

Phobias

Answer 9

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity or situation

Question 10

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 10

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

Question 11

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer 11

(PTSD) an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Question 12

Post-traumatic growth

Answer 12

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises

Question 13

Fear conditioning

Answer 13

when bad events happen unpredictably and uncontrollably, anxiety often develops. Two specific learning processes contribute to such anxiety: 1) stimulus generalization 2) Reinforcement

Question 14

Observational fear

Answer 14

we learn fear by observing others’ fear

Question 15

Somatoform disorder

Answer 15

psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

Question 16

Conversion disorder

Answer 16

a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found

Question 17

Hypochondriasis

Answer 17

a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

Question 18

Dissociative disorders

Answer 18

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociate) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings ( as sense of watching yourself, as if in a movie.

Question 19

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 19

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder

Question 20

Mood disorders

Answer 20

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

Question 21

Major depressive disorder

Answer 21

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

Question 22

Mania

Answer 22

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive wildly optimistic state

Question 23

Bipolar disorder

Answer 23

a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. Formerly called manic-depressive disorder

Question 24

Schizophrenia

Answer 24

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions. “Split mind.”

Question 25

Disorganized thinking

Answer 25

disorganized thoughts may result from a breakdown of selective attention. Thus, irrelevant minute stimuli, may distract attention from a bigger event

Question 26

Delusions

Answer 26

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Question 27

Inappropriate emotions and actions

Answer 27

emotions can be split from reality. Motor behavior can be inappropriate (rocking or catatonic). They make relationships difficult

Question 28

Paranoid

Answer 28

Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity

Question 29

Disorganized

Answer 29

Disorganized speech or behavior or flat or inappropriate emotion

Question 30

Catatonic

Answer 30

Immobility )or excessive, purposeless movement,) extreme negativism, and/or parrot like repeating of another’s speech or movements

Question 31

Undifferentiated

Answer 31

many and varied symptoms

Question 32

Residual

Answer 32

Withdrawal, after hallucinations and delusions have disappeared

Question 33

Personality disorders

Answer 33

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning without depression or delusions

Question 34

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 34

a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clear con artist.