Unit 12: Social Psychology Flashcards
Social Groups
2 or more individuals sharing common goals and interests, interacting and influencing each others behavior.
Norms
Implicit or explicit rules that apply to all members of the group.
In-Group
A social group that you belong to, feel a sense of belonging to, and may show favoritism towards.
Out-Group
A social group that you don’t belong to, may perceive as different, and may show feelings of hostility or competition towards.
Role
A responsibility or personality trait linked to each member of a group.
Social Loafing
An individual will do less work if in a group.
Deindividuation
Groups make antisocial behavior more likely (Ex: Mobs).
Prisoner’s Dilemma
A phenomenon experienced by the prisoners of Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment, where they began to fit into their imaginary roles and genuinely believe that they should be treated in certain ways, somehow forgetting that the entire thing was not real and just an experiment meant to mimic prison life.
Social Facilitation
The tendency to perform well-learned tasks better in front of others.
Social Impairment
When learning a new task, performing in front of others leads to worse performance.
Group Polarization
When the in-group’s views shift the whole group.
Groupthink (Irving Janis)
Members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence/agreement at the expense of critical thinking/ in arriving at a decision.
Bystander Effect
People are less likely to provide needed help when they are in a groups than when they are alone.
Diffusion of Responsibility
People feel less personal responsibility to act when others are present.
Altruism
Acts of selfless sacrifice for others.
Stereotypes
Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of membership in certain groups.
Social Schemas
Organized clusters of ideas (Ex: Dates, Picnics, Jocks, Preppies, etc.).
Reciprocity Norms/Effects
Liking those who show they like you.
Scapegoat Theory
When our self-worth is in doubt or in jeopardy, we find others to blame.
Ethnocentrism
The belief the our culture is superior to others.
Out-group Homogeneity
The belief that members of another group are more similar in their attitude than they actually are.
Realistic Conflict Theory
If members of two opposing groups are brought together in an emergency situation, group cooperation will reduce prejudicial thinking.
Social Cognition
To gather, use, and interpret information about social world.
Attribution Theory/Process
Inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others behavior, and their own behavior.
