Unit 10: Motivation, Emotion, and Stress Flashcards
Instinct/Revolutionary Theories
The idea that certain motivations are passed on via evolution, most commonly behaviors that maximize reproductive success, as well as dominance, aggression, achievement, and affiliation.
Homeostasis
A state of psychological balance (Ex: You’re well-rested, healthy, hydrated, relaxed, perfectly balanced).
Drive-Reduction Theory
The belief that physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways until its needs are satisfied.
Clark Hull
American Psychologist who created the Drive-Reduction Theory.
Columbian Obstruction Box
An experiment in which a rat was tested to see how many times it was willing to cross over an electric plate to satisfy its needs, proving that maternal needs are the strongest over other survival instincts.
Drives (Pushes)
Internal physical motivations. The most common drives are Maternal, Thirst, Hunger, Reproduction, and Curiosity.
Incentives (Pulls)
External motivations that emphasize now on rewards or avoiding punishments (Ex: Coca-Cola or a Big Mac).
Lateral Hypothalamus
Initiates food eating behavior (The “go” signal to eat).
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
Provides the stop signals for eating.
Paraventricular Nucleus/Hypothalamus
In charge of hunger regulation (Ex: If injured, a rat will eat larger portions of each feeding).
Set Point
Body Monitors fat-cell levels to keep them level (Ex: essentially to keep homeostasis in the body).
Settling Point
Weight can change depending on changes in food consumption and energy expenditure (Ex: Set point can settle for obese individuals, meaning they can create a new set point at a higher weight than before).
Glucostatic Theory
Neurons (Glucostats) are brain sensitive to glucose/sugar.
Insulin
A hormone released from the Pancreas that, when released, causes hunger. It is possible that insulin release is related to food sight and smell.
Lipostatic Theory
The idea that the body maintains a stable level of body fat by regulating appetite through signals from fat cells.
Ghrelin
A hormone in your stomach that acts as a signal to stimulate appetite.
Androgen (Testosterone)
A type of hormone that is considered the primary male sex hormone.
Estrogen
A type of hormone that is considered the primary female sex hormone.
Alfred Kinsey
Created the Kinsey Scale; a visual model used to describe one’s sexual orientation at a given time, 0 signifying exclusive heterosexuality, and a 6 signifying exclusive homosexuality.
Intrinsic Motivation
Inside psychological motivation. Doing something because you like the activity.
Extrinsic Motivation
Outside psychological motivation. Doing something because of external demands or rewards for your efforts.
Affiliation Motive
A person’s psychological need to feel connected to others, to belong to a group, and to establish and maintain positive relationships with others.
Achievement Motive
A person’s drive and desire to achieve success and excel in their endeavors.
David McClelland’s Study
McClelland’s study found that high achievers are not always interesting or artistically sensitive, are less likely to value intimacy in relationships, and prefer to associate with experts who will help them achieve instead of associate with more friendly people.
